Table 3.

Impacts of Emergency Cash-Transfer on Mental Health.

Sample (pre-pandemic household income)	2.6-3.4 minimum salaries			2–5 minimum salaries
	DV average where earned >3 m.s.	Earned less than 3 m.s.	n	DV average where earned 3 m.s.	Earned less than 3 m.s.	n
Outcomes:
Had at least one mental health symptom (in the last week)	0.712	0.0064	528	0.734	0.0177	1650
		[0.0421]			[0.0262]
Had at least one symptom (in the last week) related to:
Depression	0.458	0.0416	528	0.486	0.0525*	1650
		[0.0476]			[0.0298]
Stress	0.610	0.0216	528	0.619	0.0288	1650
		[0.0457]			[0.0291]
Anxiety	0.331	0.0071	528	0.356	-0.0074	1650
		[0.0465]			[0.0293]

Note: Each entry reports results from a separate regression. The reported coefficient refers to an indicator for whether the respondent lives in a household that earned less than three minimum salaries (the AE income eligibility cut-off) before the pandemic. Mental health outcomes are based on whether the respondent reported to have experienced any of the items included the DASS-21 scale (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995). All regressions include controls for state fixed effects and covariates for pre-pandemic conditions: household income per capita (mid-point of income range divided by the number of people living in the household), indicators for whether the participant has used government benefits, if the respondent was registered in Cadastro Unico, unemployment status, a pre-pandemic precautionary behaviour index (explained in the text), indicators for education, marital status, gender, race, age, if voted for Bolsonaro, if lives with elderly, number of people living in the household and a social desirability index (using a question asked in the British Election Study to measure respondents’ tendencies to provide socially desirable responses). Robust standard errors in brackets. ***p<0.01, **p<0.05, *p<0.1.