Table 5.
Impacts of AE Eligibility by Vote in the Last Presidential Election.
|
Panel A |
Panel B |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample: | Voted for Bolsonaro in 2018 |
Did not vote for Bolsonaro in 2018 |
All |
|||||||||
| DV average where earned >3 m.s. | Earned <3 m.s. | n | DV average where earned >3 m.s. | Earned <3 m.s. | n | Earned <3 m.s. | Earned <3 m.s. X voted for Bolsonaro | n | ||||
| Outcomes: | ||||||||||||
| Precautionary behaviour index | -0.10 | 0.0763 | 262 | 0.06 | -0.0545 | 266 | -0.0400 | 0.101 | 528 | |||
| [0.0534] | [0.0494] | [0.0447] | [0.0638] | |||||||||
| Currently unemployed | 0.23 | -0.0061 | 262 | 0.18 | 0.138*** | 266 | 0.101** | -0.0989 | 528 | |||
| [0.0459] | [0.0520] | [0.0467] | [0.0659] | |||||||||
| Current # hours worked per week (ex. unemployed) | 32.09 | -3.666* | 216 | 33.46 | -2.088 | 216 | -2.114 | -1.055 | 432 | |||
| [2.013] | [2.131] | [1.833] | [2.650] | |||||||||
| Current # hours worked per week (inc. unemployed) | 26.64 | -1.447 | 262 | 28.90 | -2.251 | 266 | -2.807 | 1.139 | 528 | |||
| [1.925] | [1.904] | [1.746] | [2.553] | |||||||||
| Had COVID-19 | 0.17 | 0.0044 | 261 | 0.13 | -0.0931** | 263 | -0.104*** | 0.0934 | 524 | |||
| [0.0465] | [0.0390] | [0.0392] | [0.0586] | |||||||||
| Tested for COVID-19 | 0.24 | 0.0421 | 261 | 0.39 | -0.175** | 263 | -0.179*** | 0.235*** | 524 | |||
| [0.0596] | [0.0715] | [0.0637] | [0.0833] | |||||||||
| Had at least one symptom (in the last week) related to: | ||||||||||||
| Depression | 0.43 | 0.0548 | 262 | 0.52 | 0.0055 | 266 | 0.0355 | 0.0120 | 528 | |||
| [0.0719] | [0.0723] | [0.0658] | [0.0915] | |||||||||
| Stress | 0.56 | 0.0178 | 262 | 0.66 | 0.0000 | 266 | 0.00796 | 0.0266 | 528 | |||
| [0.0664] | [0.0716] | [0.0640] | [0.0881] | |||||||||
| Anxiety | 0.32 | 0.0412 | 262 | 0.36 | -0.0617 | 266 | -0.0201 | 0.0530 | 528 | |||
| [0.0685] | [0.0702] | [0.0652] | [0.0884] | |||||||||
| COVID quiz | -0.22 | -0.172 | 262 | 0.36 | -0.238* | 266 | -0.276** | 0.190 | 528 | |||
| [0.140] | [0.142] | [0.129] | [0.181] | |||||||||
| Cited among 3 trusted sources of COVID information: | ||||||||||||
| Pres Bolsonaro | 0.27 | 0.0149 | 262 | 0.00 | 0.0517** | 266 | 0.0647** | -0.0704 | 528 | |||
| [0.0600] | [0.0216] | [0.0260] | [0.0588] | |||||||||
| Health experts | 0.67 | 0.0121 | 262 | 0.78 | 0.0208 | 266 | -0.0099 | 0.0029 | 528 | |||
| [0.0686] | [0.0641] | [0.0579] | [0.0846] | |||||||||
| Trust Bolsonaro above health experts | 0.22 | -0.0650 | 202 | 0.00 | 0.0540** | 211 | 0.0509* | -0.111* | 413 | |||
| [0.0668] | [0.0254] | [0.0286] | [0.0641] | |||||||||
| Estimated probability ’X’ dies or is hospitalised if contracts COVID-19: | ||||||||||||
| X=”someone like me” | 14.79 | 3.713 | 262 | 31.85 | 1.512 | 266 | 1.875 | 3.505 | 528 | |||
| [3.338] | [4.447] | [4.081] | [5.061] | |||||||||
| X=30-year old woman | 12.58 | 0.430 | 262 | 24.25 | 2.335 | 266 | 2.784 | -1.042 | 528 | |||
| [2.747] | [3.577] | [3.406] | [4.295] | |||||||||
| X=65-year old man | 31.04 | -1.105 | 262 | 47.35 | 1.515 | 266 | 1.057 | 0.462 | 528 | |||
| [3.864] | [4.686] | [4.287] | [5.683] | |||||||||
| Advocacy for a person to ’stay at home’ (instead of working) if: | ||||||||||||
| The person has COVID symptoms | 0.78 | 0.027 | 262 | 0.88 | -0.0138 | 266 | -0.0416 | 0.0892 | 528 | |||
| [0.0620] | [0.0501] | [0.0474] | [0.0726] | |||||||||
| Someone else in household has COVID symptoms | 0.38 | 0.137* | 262 | 0.55 | -0.0643 | 266 | -0.0882 | 0.258*** | 528 | |||
| [0.0698] | [0.0780] | [0.0686] | [0.0927] | |||||||||
Note: The sample refers to individuals whose pre-pandemic household income is between 2.6-3.4 minimum salaries. Each entry reports results from a separate regression. The reported coefficients in Panel A refer to an indicator for whether the respondent lives in a household that earned less than three minimum salaries (the AE income eligibility cut-off) before the pandemic. The estimates for and from Eq. (3) are reported in Panel B. Outcomes are explained in the text. All regressions include controls for state fixed effects and covariates for pre-pandemic conditions: household income per capita (mid-point of income range divided by the number of people living in the household), indicators for whether the participant has used government benefits, if the respondent was registered in Cadastro Unico, unemployment status, a pre-pandemic precautionary behaviour index (explained in the text), indicators for education, marital status, gender, race, age, if lives with elderly, number of people living in the household and a social desirability index (using a question asked in the British Election Study to measure respondents’ tendencies to provide socially desirable responses). Regressions in Panel B also include an indicator for whether the respondent voted for Bolsonaro. Robust standard errors in brackets. ***p<0.01, **p<0.05, *p<0.1.