Table 5.

Multivariable GEE analysis of baseline variables and PROMIS sleep disturbance across 4 time points (baseline, 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months)

Baseline Variable	B (CI)	SE	Test Statistic	p
Multivariable GEE
Sociodemographics
Age**	−0.09 (−0.15, −0.02)	0.03	6.99	.008
Education	−0.56 (−1.10, 0.02)	0.27	4.20	.04
Surgical Variables
Surgery/reconstruction type
Breast conserving surgery (Lumpectomy)	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Mastectomy**	−2.74 (−4.77, −0.71)	1.03	7.02	.008
Mastectomy with reconstruction	−0.32 (−1.88, 1.23)	0.80	0.16	.689
Axillary surgery	1.78 (−0.23, 3.79)	1.02	3.03	.082
Treatment variables
Chemotherapy	0.08 (−1.63, 1.79)	0.87	0.01	.925
Baseline pain (Breast Cancer Pain questionnaire, BCPQ)
Pain Severity Index (PSI)***	0.19 (0.08, 0.30)	0.05	12.46	<.001
Opioid use*	3.14 (0.57, 5.72)	1.32	5.71	.017
Psychological Variables
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)	0.01 (−0.08, 0.10)	0.05	0.06	.810
Anxiety (PROMIS-SF)***	0.45 (0.25, 0.65)	0.10	19.26	<.001
Depression (PROMIS-SF)	−0.02 (−0.24, 0.19)	0.11	0.05	.816
Negative Affect (PANAS)	−0.05 (−0.23, 0.13)	0.09	0.25	.615
Positive Affect (PANAS)**	−0.14 (−0.25, −0.03)	0.06	6.57	.010
Somatization (BSI)	0.16 (−0.19, 0.51)	0.18	0.80	.372