Table 3.

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) model output.

Construct	Eigenvalue	Variance Explained	Cronbach's Alpha	Item Name	Loadings	Survey Question(s)	Response Type
Friendship dissatisfaction	3.62	11.6%	0.89	Confirmation	0.82	During the pandemic (March 2020 - PRESENT), how satisfied have you felt with the behavioral confirmation you have received from friends? Behavioral confirmation is the feeling that you are useful, doing things well, part of a functional group, and contributing to a common goal.	7-point Likert Scale (1: extremely dissatisfied; 7: extremely satisfied)
				Affection	0.82	During the pandemic (March 2020 - PRESENT), how satisfied have you felt with the affection you have received from friends? Affection is the feeling that you are liked, loved, trusted, accepted, and understood.	7-point Likert Scale (1: extremely dissatisfied; 7: extremely satisfied)
Status	0.78	During the pandemic (March 2020 - PRESENT), how satisfied have you felt with the status you have received from friends. Status is the feeling that you are independent, treated with respect, taken seriously, and have influence.	7-point Likert Scale (1: extremely dissatisfied; 7: extremely satisfied)
Weak tie reduction	2.57	10.6%	0.87	People spoken to	0.86	[During the pandemic (March 2020 to PRESENT) $-$ In the year preceding the pandemic (March 2019 to March 2020)] … typically, how many of those people might you speak with at each of the following places?	Less than 1, 1–3, 4–6, 7–9, 10 or more
				Conversation length	0.82	[During the pandemic (March 2020 to PRESENT) $-$ In the year preceding the pandemic (March 2019 to March 2020)] … on average, how many minutes might those conversations last at each of the following places?	Less than 1, 1–10, 11–20, 21–30, more than 30 min
People seen	0.63	[During the pandemic (March 2020 to PRESENT) $-$ In the year preceding the pandemic (March 2019 to March 2020)] … how many people do you typically see at each of the following places?	Less than 1, 1–3, 4–6, 7–9, 10 or more
Virtual dissatisfaction	2.10	8.9%	0.79	Ignored	0.79	To what extent have you experienced the following potential downsides to virtual socialization during the pandemic (March 2020 - PRESENT)? (Never, rarely, about half the time, most of the time, all of the time) … Feeling ignored or excluded	5-point Likert Scale (1: never; 5: all of the time)
				Social comparison	0.76	To what extent have you experienced the following potential downsides to virtual socialization during the pandemic (March 2020 - PRESENT)? (Never, rarely, about half the time, most of the time, all of the time) … Social comparison	5-point Likert Scale (1: never; 5: all of the time)
Excessive time	0.46	To what extent have you experienced the following potential downsides to virtual socialization during the pandemic (March 2020 - PRESENT)? (Never, rarely, about half the time, most of the time, all of the time) … Excessive time spent on devices	5-point Likert Scale (1: never; 5: all of the time)
Outdoor dissatisfaction	1.44	8.4%	0.78	Unwelcome	0.73	How welcome do you feel in the public outdoor spaces available to you currently?	5-point Likert Scale (1: very welcome; 5: very unwelcome)
				Unsafe	0.72	How safe do you feel in the public outdoor spaces available to you currently?	5-point Likert Scale (1: very safe; 5: very unsafe)
Lack of parks	0.58	How satisfied do you feel with the parks available to you currently?	5-point Likert Scale (1: very satisfied; 5: very dissatisfied)
‘Civic’ third place reduction	1.28	6.8%	0.68	Libraries	0.87	[During the pandemic (March 2020 to PRESENT) $-$ In the year preceding the pandemic (March 2019 to March 2020)] … considering an average month, how many times per month have you visited libraries in person?	Less than 1, 1–4, 5–8, 9–12, more than 12
				Community centers	0.43	[During the pandemic (March 2020 to PRESENT) $-$ In the year preceding the pandemic (March 2019 to March 2020)] … considering an average month, how many times per month have you visited community centers in person?	Less than 1, 1–4, 5–8, 9–12, more than 12
Places of worship	0.33	[During the pandemic (March 2020 to PRESENT) $-$ In the year preceding the pandemic (March 2019 to March 2020)] … considering an average month, how many times per month have you visited places of worship in person?	Less than 1, 1–4, 5–8, 9–12, more than 12
‘Commercial’ third place reduction	1.18	6.8%	0.71	Coffeeshops	0.67	[During the pandemic (March 2020 to PRESENT) $-$ In the year preceding the pandemic (March 2019 to March 2020)] … considering an average month, how many times per month have you visited coffee shops in person?	Less than 1, 1–4, 5–8, 9–12, more than 12
				Restaurants	0.61	[During the pandemic (March 2020 to PRESENT) $-$ In the year preceding the pandemic (March 2019 to March 2020)] … considering an average month, how many times per month have you visited restaurants in person?	Less than 1, 1–4, 5–8, 9–12, more than 12
Bars	0.50	[During the pandemic (March 2020 to PRESENT) $-$ In the year preceding the pandemic (March 2019 to March 2020)] … considering an average month, how many times per month have you visited bars in person?	Less than 1, 1–4, 5–8, 9–12, more than 12

Note: A varimax rotation with a cutoff of 0.3 was used. Cronbach's alpha is reported at the upper boundary of the 95% confidence interval.