Table 4.

Descriptive statistics of the variables used as latent construct items.

Construct Name	Item Description	Min	Max	Mean	Stand. Dev.
Friendship dissatisfaction	Confirmation satisfaction	1	7	3.60	1.58
	Affection satisfaction	1	7	3.41	1.69
	Status satisfaction	1	7	3.17	1.50
Weak tie reduction	Change in people spoken to	−12	19	3.53	3.47
	Change in conversation length	−11	20	5.07	5.14
	Change in people seen	−18	20	5.95	5.02
Virtual dissatisfaction	Degree of ignored	0	4	1.68	1.20
	Degree of social comparison	0	4	1.71	1.22
	Degree of excessive time	0	4	2.84	1.12
Outdoor dissatisfaction	Degree of unwelcome	1	5	2.22	1.06
	Degree of unsafe	1	5	2.47	1.19
	Degree of lack of parks	1	5	2.35	1.12
Civic third place reduction	Change in visits to libraries	−1	4	0.80	1.23
	Change in visits to community centers	−3	4	0.31	0.80
	Change in visits to places of worship	−3	4	0.21	0.68
Commercial third place reduction	Change in visits to coffeeshops	−1	4	0.83	1.08
	Change in visits to restaurants	−3	4	1.04	1.02
	Change in visits to bars	−1	4	0.59	0.96

Note: The ‘change in’ variables were calculated by subtracting the value reported for ‘the year preceding the pandemic’ from that reported for ‘during the pandemic’ (i.e., current minus baseline) as described previously in Table 3.