Table 3.
The content of pyrethroids in honey (mg/kg)
| Region of origin | Country of origin | Type | Cyfluthrine | Cypermethrine | Flumethrine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Europe | England | Heather I | 0.062 ± 0.004 | n.d | 0.047 ± 0.006 |
| Heather II | 0.011 ± 0.002 | 0.049 ± 0.008 | 0.015 ± 0.003 | ||
| Multiflorous | 0.031 ± 0.007 | 0.008 ± 0.001 | 0.012 ± 0.001 | ||
| Wildflower | 0.031 ± 0.004 | n.d | 0.013 ± 0.002 | ||
| Scotland | Heather | 0.005 ± 0.002 | 0.012 ± 0.001 | 0.016 ± 0.002 | |
| Multiflorous | 0.011 ± 0.001 | 0.013 ± 0.002 | n.d | ||
| Clover | n.d | n.d | 0.075 ± 0.008 | ||
| South Europe | France | Linden | 0.063 ± 0.001 | n.d | 0.036 ± 0.002 |
| Chestnut | 0.009 ± 0.002 | n.d | 0.027 ± 0.003 | ||
| Acacia | 0.025 ± 0.004 | n.d | 0.017 ± 0.005 | ||
| Spain | Heather | n.d | n.d | n.d | |
| Thyme | n.d | n.d | n.d | ||
| Lavender | 0.011 ± 0.003 | n.d | n.d | ||
| Orange blossom | n.d | n.d | n.d | ||
| Italy | Eucalyptus | n.d | n.d | n.d | |
| East Europe | Slovakia | Multiflorous | 0.018 ± 0.001 | 0.045 ± 0.002 | n.d |
| Forest | n.d | n.d | n.d | ||
| Rape | n.d | n.d | n.d | ||
| Honeydew | n.d | n.d | n.d | ||
| Poland | Multiflorous W | n.d | n.d | n.d | |
| Linden W | 0.008 ± 0.001 | n.d | 0.02 ± 0.001 | ||
| Buckwheat W | n.d | 0.008 ± 0.001 | n.d | ||
| Buckwheat (forest) W | 0.091 ± 0.003 | 0.033 ± 0.007 | 0.05 ± 0.006 | ||
| Multiflorous M | 0.007 ± 0.002 | 0.035 ± 0.002 | 0.037 ± 0.006 | ||
| Linden M | 0.013 ± 0.001 | 0.041 ± 0.006 | 0.018 ± 0.004 | ||
| Rape M | 0.01 ± 0.001 | n.d | n.d |
Values are expressed as means ± standard deviations; n.d.-not detected; M-honey from the Malopolska region; W-honey from the Warmia and Mazury region; In bold-shaded cells, the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) have been exceeded