Table 4.
The content of neonicotinoids in honey (mg/kg)
| Region of origin | Country of origin | Type | Clothianidin | Thiamethoxam |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Europe | England | Heather I | 0.137 ± 0.01 | n.d |
| Heather II | 0.092 ± 0.007 | n.d | ||
| Multiflorous | 0.051 ± 0.004 | n.d | ||
| Wildflower | n.d | 0.058 ± 0.007 | ||
| Scotland | Heather | n.d | 0.081 ± 0.008 | |
| Multiflorous | n.d | 0.065 ± 0.007 | ||
| Clover | n.d | 0.041 ± 0.004 | ||
| South Europe | France | Linden | n.d | n.d |
| Chestnut | 0.042 ± 0.005 | 0.047 ± 0.005 | ||
| Acacia | 0.034 ± 0.002 | nd | ||
| Spain | Heather | n.d | 0.021 ± 0.001 | |
| Thyme | n.d | n.d | ||
| Lavender | 0.043 ± 0.003 | n.d | ||
| Orange blossom | 0.075 ± 0.006 | 0.024 ± 0.002 | ||
| Italy | Eucalyptus | n.d | n.d | |
| East Europe | Slovakia | Multiflorous | 0.028 ± 0.003 | 0.102 ± 0.007 |
| Forest | 0.08 ± 0.006 | 0.084 ± 0.007 | ||
| Rape | 0.091 ± 0.007 | n.d | ||
| Honeydew | 0.04 ± 0.003 | 0.043 ± 0.005 | ||
| Poland | Multiflorous W | 0.08 ± 0.008 | 0.06 ± 0.006 | |
| Linden W | 0.067 ± 0.005 | 0.071 ± 0.006 | ||
| Buckwheat W | 0.075 ± 0.007 | n.d | ||
| Buckwheat (forest) W | n.d | 0.04 ± 0.003 | ||
| Multiflorous M | n.d | 0.016 ± 0.002 | ||
| Linden M | n.d | 0.067 ± 0.004 | ||
| Rape M | 0.045 ± 0.005 | n.d |
Values are expressed as means ± standard deviations; n.d. – not detected; M-honey from the Malopolska region; W-honey from the Warmia and Mazury region; In bold-shaded cells, the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) have been exceeded.