Table 4.
Risk factors for N. caninum infection in cattle in Beheira, Egypt.
| Analyzed factor | No. of Tested | No. of negative (%) | No. of positive (%) | OR (95% CI)# | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| < 3 years | 142 | 118 (83.1) | 24 (16.9) | Ref | Ref |
| 3–5 years | 143 | 110 (76.9) | 33 (23.1) | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) | 0.23 |
| >5 years | 73 | 42 (57.5) | 31 (42.5) | 3.6 (1.9–6.9) | 0.0001 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 142 | 118 (83.1) | 24 (16.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 216 | 152 (70.4) | 64 (29.6) | 2.1 (1.2–3.5) | 0.008 |
| Production type | |||||
| Beef | 142 | 118 (83.1) | 24 (16.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Dairy | 216 | 152 (70.4) | 64 (29.6) | 2.1 (1.2–3.5) | 0.008 |
| Breed | |||||
| Mixed | 205 | 148 (72.2) | 57 (27.8) | 1.7 (0.8–4) | 0.25 |
| Holstein | 109 | 86 (78.9) | 23 (21.1) | 1.2 (0.5–2.9) | 0.82 |
| Colombian zebu | 44 | 36 (81.8) | 8 (18.2) | Ref | Ref |
| Location | |||||
| Damanhour | 20 | 18 (90) | 2 (10) | Ref | Ref |
| Edku | 22 | 10 (45.5) | 12 (54.5) | 10.8 (2–85.3) | 0.003 |
| Abu Hommus | 78 | 63 (80.8) | 15 (19.2) | 2.1 (0.4–10.3) | 0.51 |
| Nubariyah | 56 | 50 (89.3) | 6 (10.7) | 1.1 (0.2–5.8) | 1 |
| Abu Almatamer | 27 | 24 (88.9) | 3 (11.1) | 1.1 (0.2–7.5) | 1 |
| Dilinjat | 60 | 38 (63.3) | 22 (36.7) | 5.2 (1.1–24.6) | 0.026 |
| Kafr El-Dawar | 72 | 45 (62.5) | 27 (37.5) | 5.4 (1.2–25) | 0.027 |
| Housh Eissa | 23 | 22 (95.7) | 1 (4.3) | 0.4 (0.03–4.9) | 0.6 |
#Odds ratio at 95% confidence interval as calculated by Available online at: http://vassarstats.net/. *P value was evaluated by Fisher Exact Probability Test (two-tailed) using online statistics software http://vassarstats.net/ and GraphPad Prism version 5. The result is significant at P < 0.05. Ref., value used as reference.