Table 2.
Characteristics of all patients with or without gastrointestinal bleeding.
| Characteristics |
non-GIB group
(N = 722) |
GIB group
(n = 64) |
Univariate
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), yrs | 57 (51–66) | 64 (55–71.75) | 0.001 |
| Gender | 0.866 | ||
| Male (N, %) | 456 (63.2) | 41 (64.1) | |
| Female (N, %) | 266 (36.8) | 23 (35.9) | |
| Medical history | |||
| Smoking (N, %) | 80 (11.1) | 7 (10.9) | 0.972 |
| Alcohol (N, %) | 63 (8.7) | 8 (12.5) | 0.313 |
| Hypertension (N, %) | 477 (66.1) | 48 (75.0) | 0.146 |
| Diabetes mellitus (N, %) | 104 (14.4) | 13 (20.3) | 0.203 |
| Prior anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy (N, %) | 34 (4.7) | 7 (10.9) | 0.032 |
| Time from symptom onset to initial CT, hours, median (IQR) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 0.542 |
| Baseline GCS score, median (IQR) | 11.0 (8.0–13.0) | 9.0 (7.0–11.0) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline volume (N, %) | < 0.001 | ||
| < 30 ml | 521 (72.2) | 32 (50.0) | |
| ≥30 ml | 201 (27.8) | 32 (50.0) | |
| ICH location (n, %) | 0.370 | ||
| Deep | 500 (76.3) | 52 (81.3) | |
| Lobar | 106 (14.7) | 8 (12.5) | |
| Brain stem | 29 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Cerebellum | 36 (5.0) | 4 (6.3) | |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage (N, %) | 187 (25.9) | 13 (20.3) | 0.325 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 151.0 (139.0–163.0) | 148.0 (136.0–169.0) | 0.517 |
| Coagulation function, median (IQR) | |||
| Platelets (109/L) | 173.0 (136.0–215.0) | 162.50 (129.25–190.25) | 0.067 |
| aPTT, s | 24.7 (21.30–28.70) | 25.70 (22.0–30.70) | 0.200 |
| INR | 1.01 (0.94–1.07) | 1.03 (0.95–1.09) | 0.159 |
| Prothrombin time, s | 11.40 (10.80–12.0) | 11.45 (10.90–12.0) | 0.657 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 2.85 (2.40–3.40) | 2.90 (2.27–3.47) | 0.609 |
| Thrombin time, s | 17.40 (15.10–18.60) | 17.0 (14.60–18.90) | 0.363 |
| MV used >48 h (N, %) | 105 (14.5) | 23 (35.9) | < 0.001 |
| Surgery (N, %) | 312 (43.2) | 41 (64.1) | 0.001 |
| AGR, median (IQR) | 5.40 (4.31–7.11) | 7.47 (5.38–9.32) | < 0.001 |
| Modified Rankin Scale (N, %) | 0.005 | ||
| 0–2 | 312 (43.2%) | 16 (25.0) | |
| 3–6 | 410 (56.8%) | 48 (75.0) | |
AGR, age-to-GCS ratio; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CT, computed tomography; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; INR, international normalized ratio; IQR, interquartile range; MV, mechanical ventilation.