Table 4.
Characteristics of all patients with or without gastrointestinal bleeding after PSM.
| Characteristics |
Non-GI bleeding
(N = 64) |
GI bleeding
(N = 64) |
Univariate
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), yrs | 57.5 (49.5–65.75) | 65.0 (56.0–71.75) | 0.004 |
| Gender | 1.000 | ||
| Male (N, %) | 41 (64.1) | 41 (64.1) | |
| Female (N, %) | 23 (35.9) | 23 (35.9) | |
| Medical history | |||
| Smoking (N, %) | 4 (6.3) | 7 (10.9) | 0.344 |
| Alcohol (N, %) | 5 (7.8) | 8 (12.5) | 0.388 |
| Hypertension (N, %) | 41 (64.1) | 48 (75.0) | 0.179 |
| Diabetes mellitus (N, %) | 9 (14.1) | 13 (20.3) | 0.349 |
| Prior anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy (N, %) | 13 (20.3) | 7 (10.9) | 0.144 |
| Time from symptom onset to initial CT, hours, median (IQR) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 0.296 |
| Baseline GCS score, median (IQR) | 11.0 (8.25–14.0) | 9.0 (7.0–11.0) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline volume (N, %) | 0.375 | ||
| < 30 ml | 37 (57.8) | 32 (50.0) | |
| ≥30 ml | 27 (42.2) | 32 (50.0) | |
| ICH location (N, %) | 0.004 | ||
| Deep | 34 (53.1) | 52 (81.3) | |
| Lobar | 22 (34.4) | 8 (12.5) | |
| Brain stem | 3 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Cerebellum | 5 (7.8) | 4 (6.3) | |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage (N, %) | 13 (20.3) | 13 (20.3) | 1.000 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 150.0 (141.0–164.0) | 148.0 (136.0–169.0) | 0.625 |
| Coagulation function, median (IQR) | |||
| Platelets (109/L) | 173.50 (142.00–201.75) | 162.50 (129.25–190.25) | 0.287 |
| aPTT, s | 26.35 (22.33–30.03) | 25.70 (22.00–30.70) | 0.786 |
| INR | 1.02 (0.97–1.02) | 1.03 (0.95–1.09) | 0.784 |
| Prothrombin time, s | 11.70 (11.00–12.20) | 11.45 (10.90–12.00) | 0.289 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 2.78 (2.30–3.49) | 2.90 (2.27–3.47) | 0.545 |
| Thrombin time, s | 17.35 (15.13–18.70) | 17.0 (14.60–18.90) | 0.324 |
| MV used >48 h (N, %) | 22 (34.4) | 23 (35.9) | 0.853 |
| Surgery (N, %) | 36 (56.3) | 41 (64.1) | 0.367 |
| AGR, median (IQR) | 5.24 (4.24–6.40) | 7.47 (5.38–9.32) | < 0.001 |
| Modified Rankin Scale (N, %) | < 0.001 | ||
| 0–2 | 47 (73.4) | 16 (25.0) | |
| 3–6 | 17 (26.6) | 48 (75.0) | |
AGR, age-to-GCS ratio; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CT, computed tomography; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; INR, international normalized ratio; IQR, interquartile range; PSM, propensity score matching.