TABLE 2.
Potential upstream regulators of palmitate and HK4-induced gene expression profile.
| Upstream regulator | Activation z-score | p-value | Target molecules in dataset | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upregulated | Downregulated | |||
| transcription regulator | ||||
| TP53 | −2,113 | 4,53E-04 | BCL2L11, CDH1, CDK7, CHEK2, CITED2, CPOX, DKK1, DSN1, GLIPR1, HK2, HMGCR, HSPA1A/HSPA1B, MCM2, MPZL2, PFKFB3, PPM1D, PRNP, RAD54B, SIAH1, TAP2, TFRC, TMSB10/TMSB4X, TNFRSF10B | ATG7, BAX, BIRC3, ELF4, HRAS, PHLDB3, TP73 |
| KDM5B | −2,818 | 1,67E-03 | CYB5A, GCA, MCM2, MT1E, OIP5, SNRPG, SPTSSA, TMEM14A | |
| Kinase | ||||
| CAB39L | 2,000 | 8,59E-03 | COX17, NDUFA4, NDUFB3, NDUFB5 | |
| Enzyme | ||||
| DDX5 | 2,646 | 4,49E-05 | ATP5F1C, COX7B, FH, NDUFA4, NDUFB3, NDUFB5, SDHB | BAX |
Identification based on the z-score of 4 potential upstream regulators of gene expression pattern that referred to the treatment with 200 µM palmitate (PA) in combination with HK4 (10 µM) compared to PA, alone. Upstream regulators are grouped by their molecular type (including transcription regulators, a kinase and an enzyme). In practice, |z-score| ≥ 2 can be considered significant, while a negative value indicates an inactivation and a positive value an activation of the respective upstream regulator of the gene profile from PA + HK4 compared to PA, alone. TP53 = Tumor protein p53, KDM5B = lysine demethylase 5B, CAB39 L = calcium binding protein 39 like, DDX5 = DEAD-box, helicase 5.