Table 4.

Primary outcome results.

	Studies, n	Participants, n	Pooled estimate of effect size	95% CI	I2 test	Q-test	df	P-value	Statistical model
Union	11	1021	91.0%	87.7%–93.8%	65.6%	29.1	10	0.0012	Random effects
Early union	9	797	63.6%	50%–76.1%	93.4%	120	8	<0.0001	Random effects
Delayed union	8	797	22.4%	11.1%–36.2%	94.7%	150	8	<0.0001	Random effects
Non-union	13	1284	9.7%	6.9%–13.1%	71.9%	42.7	12	<0.0001	Random effects
Malunion	7	627	8.3%	4.6%–13%	73.6%	26.5	7	0.0004	Random effects
Infection	14	1409	8.1%	5.7%–10.8%	77.4%	53	12	<0.0001	Random effects
Deep infection	12	1185	8.0%	5.7%–10.8%	67.4%	39.8	13	<0.0001	Random effects
Superficial infection	6	742	7.7%	3.5%–13.4%	84.3%	31.8	5	<0.0001	Random effects