Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics.
| Allo-HCT | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Auto | Allo total | ICU admissiona | Dieda | Severe coursea | P value | |
| Numbers | 89 | 4 | 85 | 9 (10) | 7 (8) | 11 (12) | |
| Demography | |||||||
| Gender | 0.4 | ||||||
| Male | 52 (58) | 2 (50) | 50 (59) | 7 (14) | 5 (10) | 8 (16) | |
| Female | 37 (42) | 2 (50) | 35 (41) | 2 (6) | 2 (6) | 3 (9) | |
| Age (in years) median (min–max) at diagnosis COVID | 9 (1–18) | 12 (7–18) | 9 (1–18) | 8 (1–13) | 12 (4–14) | 11 (1–14) | 0.9 |
| Median time from most recent HCT to COVID-19 (months) (min-max) | 7 (0–181) | 8 (1–31) | 7 (0–181) | 2 (0–17) | 2 (0–147) | 6 (0–147) | 0.8 |
| Time from the most recent HCT to COVID-19 (number of children) | |||||||
| ≤100 days | 29 (33) | 1 (25) | 28 (33) | 5 (18) | 4 (14) | 5 (18) | 0.4 |
| >100 days | 60 (67) | 3 (75) | 57 (67) | 4 (7) | 3 (5) | 6 (11) | |
| Underlying disease data | |||||||
| Diagnosis | 0.02b | ||||||
| Malignant disease | 56 (63) | 4 (100) | 52 (61) | 2 (4) | 3 (6) | 3 (6) | |
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 31 (35) | 0 (0) | 31 (36) | 2 (6) | 3 (10) | 3 (10) | |
| Acute myelogenous leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome | 15 (17) | 0 (0) | 15 (18) | 0 (0) | |||
| Solid tumors | 5 (6) | 3 (75) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | |||
| Other malignancyc | 5 (6) | 1 (25) | 4 (5) | 0 (0) | |||
| Non-malignant disease | 33 (37) | 0 (0) | 33 (39) | 7 (21) | 4 (12) | 8 (24) | |
| Inherited disordersd | 15 (17) | 0 (0) | 15 (18) | 3 (20) | 2 (13) | 4 (27) | |
| Hemoglobinopathies | 8 (9) | 0 (0) | 8 (9) | 0 (0) | |||
| Bone marrow failure | 6 (7) | 0 (0) | 6 (7) | 4 (67) | 2 (33) | 4 (67) | |
| Other non-malignant diseasese | 4 (4) | 0 (0) | 4 (5) | 0 (0) | |||
| Disease status before COVID-19 (on 55 patients with malignant disease and data available) | 0.4 | ||||||
| Complete remission | 45/55 (82) | 1/3 (33) | 44/52 (85) | 2 (5) | 2 (5) | 2 (5) | |
| Not complete remission | 10/55 (18) | 2/3 (67) | 8/52 (15) | 0 (0) | 1 (13) | 1 (13) | |
| Lansky median (min-max)f | 90 (50–100) | 90 (80–100) | 90 (50–100) | 90 (70–100) | 80 (50–100) | 90 (50–100) | 0.01 |
| Stem cell source (allo-HCT) | 0.1g | ||||||
| Bone marrow | 55/83 (66) | 4 (7) | 2 (4) | 5 (9) | |||
| Peripheral blood | 25/83 (30) | 5 (20) | 5 (20) | 6 (24) | |||
| Cord blood | 3/83 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| HLA match (allo-HCT) | 0.1h | ||||||
| Identical sibling | 19/83 (23) | 3 (16) | 1 (5) | 3 (16) | |||
| Unrelated | 34/83 (41) | 1 (3) | 2 (6) | 2 (6) | |||
| Mismatched relative | 27/83 (33) | 4 (15) | 3 (11) | 5 (19) | |||
| Matched other relative | 3/83 (4) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) | |||
| Conditioning | |||||||
| Myeloablative | 65/87 (75) | 4 (100) | 61/83 (73) | 6 (10) | 5 (8) | 8 (13) | 1 |
| Reduced intensity | 22/87 (25) | 0 (0) | 22/83 (27) | 3 (14) | 2 (9) | 3 (14) | |
| In-vivo T cell depletion (allo-HCT) | 0.7 | ||||||
| Yes | 50/83 (60) | 5 (10) | 3 (6) | 6 (12) | |||
| No | 33/83 (40) | 4 (12) | 4 (12) | 5 (15) | |||
| Acute GvHD (allo-HCT) | 0.3 | ||||||
| Yes | 19 (22) | 4 (21) | 3 (16) | 4 (21) | |||
| No | 66 (78) | 5 (8) | 4 (6) | 7 (11) | |||
| Chronic GVHD (number of allo-HCT patients with a follow-up >100 days) | n = 75 | n = 6 | n = 4 | n = 8 | 0.002 | ||
| Yes | 12/75 (16) | 3/12 (25) | 3/12 (25) | 5/12 (42) | |||
| No | 63/75 (84) | 3/63 (5) | 1/63 (2) | 3/63 (5) | |||
| Presence of comorbidity (not including lung disease) | 0.2 | ||||||
| Yes | 14 (16) | 0 (0) | 14 (16) | 3 (21) | 1 (7) | 3 (21) | |
| No | 75 (84) | 4 (100) | 71 (84) | 6 (8) | 6 (8) | 8 (11) | |
| Underlying lung pathology | 0.3 | ||||||
| Yes | 7/88 (8) | 0 (0) | 7/84 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| No | 81/88 (92) | 4 (100) | 77/84 (92) | 9 (12) | 7 (9) | 11 (14) | |
| Corticosteroids | 0.06 | ||||||
| Yes | 24 (27) | 0 (0) | 24 (28) | 6 (25) | 3 (13) | 6 (25) | |
| <2 mg/kg prednisone | 9 | - | 9 | 3 | 2 | 3 | |
| ≥2 mg/kg prednisone | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| missing data on dosage | 15 | - | 15 | 3 | 1 | 3 | |
| No | 65 (73) | 4 (100) | 61 (72) | 3 (5) | 4 (7) | 5 (8) | |
| Other immunosuppressive drugs | 0.01 | ||||||
| Yes | 53 (60) | 0 | 53 (62) | 9 (17) | 7 (13) | 11 (21) | |
| Cyclosporine or tacrolimus | 38 (43) | 0 | 38 (45) | 7 (18) | 5 (13) | 8 (21) | 0.09 |
| Sirolimus/everolimus | 14 (16) | 0 | 14 (17) | 2 (14) | 2 (14) | 3 (21) | 0.3 |
| Janus kinase inhibitor | 13 (15) | 0 | 13 (15) | 4 (31) | 3 (23) | 4 (31) | 0.05 |
| Mycophenolate | 9 (10) | 0 | 9 (11) | 5 (56) | 4 (44) | 5 (56) | 0.0002 |
| other | 9 (10) | 0 | 9 (11) | 1 (11) | 0 | 1 (11) | 0.9 |
| No | 36 (40) | 4 (100) | 32 (38) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Immunodeficiency scoring index | |||||||
| Low risk | 19/32 (59) | 1/1 (100) | 18/31 (58) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.002 |
| Moderate risk | 13/32 (41) | 0/1 (0) | 13/31 (42) | 6 (46) | 3 (23) | 6 (46) | |
ICU intensive care unit.
aThe proportion of patients with ICU, mortality and severe course is presented within the group of allo-HCT patients with data available.
bp value for comparison between malignant and non-malignant diseases.
cOther malignancy: chronic myelocytic leukemia (2), Hodgkin lymphoma (2), B cell lymphoma (1).
dInherited disorders included primary immune deficiencies (n = 11), two other diseases, and two not specified.
eOther non-malignant diseases: Histiocytic disorders (3), autoimmune disease (1).
fLansky score in patients with mild course was median (min-max) 100 (50–100).
gp value for comparison between bone marrow and other sources.
hp value for comparison between unrelated and other donors.
Bold entries indicate significant p values.