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. 2023 Feb 27;13:3322. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30454-w

Table 1.

Survey respondent and facility characteristics.

Age (N = 231)
Mean (standard deviation), minimum, maximum 43.4 (10.9), 21, 81
N (%)
Sex (N = 235)
Female 113 (48.1)
Male 122 (51.9)
Country (N = 233)
Low- or middle-income country 162 (69.5)
High-income country 71 (30.5)
Highest education level (N = 234)
Medical officer/physician 192 (82.1)
Clinical officer 10 (4.3)
Master/PhD 10 (4.3)
Nurse/midwife 6 (2.6)
Medical assistant 5 (2.1)
Imaging technician 4 (1.7)
Administrator 2 (0.9)
Community health worker 0 (0.0)
Other education 5 (2.1)
Current role(s)* (N = 230)
Medical officer/physician 163 (79.5)
Professor/lecturer/teacher 68 (33.2)
Research manager/coordinator 16 (7.8)
Clinical officer 12 (5.9)
Hospital administrator 7 (3.4)
Medical assistant 7 (3.4)
Research assistant 6 (2.9)
Ultrasound technician 6 (2.9)
Nurse 3 (1.5)
Community health worker 1 (0.5)
Midwife 0 (0.0)
Other role 11 (5.4)
Facility type(s)* (N = 224)
Hospital 199 (88.8)
Health center 15 (6.7)
Office or clinic 11 (4.9)
Diagnostic imaging center 3 (1.3)
Community health outpost 2 (0.9)
Other facility type 16 (7.1)
Hospital type(s)* (N = 197)
Tertiary or academic 173 (87.8)
Provincial 18 (9.1)
District 20 (10.2)
Sub-district 2 (1.0)
Other hospital type 4 (2.0)
Facility location(s)* (N = 224)
Urban 187 (83.5)
Peri-urban 21 (9.4)
Rural 23 (10.3)
Other location 2 (0.9)
Facility funding source(s)* (N = 221)
Public 138 (62.4)
Private 46 (20.8)
Public and private 26 (11.8)
Other source of funding 10 (8.3)

*Total percentage for individual question may be over 100% due to “Check all that apply” option for that question on the survey. The value for N provided for “Check all that apply” questions represents the number of respondents.