Table 2.

Categories and sub-categories of preparation before bottle-feeding.

Categories	Sub-categories
Facilitating awakening by stimulating in usual care	Touching
	Postural change
	Taking away coverlet
	Changing diaper
Keeping child’s breath calm	Cradling
	Using pacifier
	Feeding before child cries
Improving child’s mouth movement	Massaging around the mouth
	Stimulating around the mouth
	Training oral function
	Moisturizing lips
Cleaning the airway	Suction in oral and nasal cavity
Reducing abdominal distention	Enema
	Stimulating by anal swab
	Belching
	Abdominal massage
Making it easier to create negative pressure in the oral cavity when sucking	Sticking tape on lip to close cleft
	Sealing cleft with finger
	Sealing cleft with wrap
	Using palatal obturator
Observing to assess whether feeding is possible	Awake status
	Sucking behavior
	Crying before feeding
	Tongue movement
	Oral cavity (cleft position, redness, ulceration)
	Respiratory condition
	Abdominal condition