Table 2.

Overall effects of chair-based resistance bands exercise.

Outcomes	n	Pooled effect size			Heterogeneity				Egger test
		SMD/MD	Z	P	Q-statistic	P	I2 (%)	Tau2	P
Physical Functioning
Activity daily living	6	0.30	3.18	0.001	6.70	0.350	10.4	0.01	0.385
Lung capacity	3	40.35	5.54	<0.001	1.27	0.737	0	0	0.633
Handgrip strength	5	2.17	4.49	<0.001	2.22	0.817	0	0	0.997
Upper limb muscle endurance	5	2.23	2.51	0.012	26.19	<0.001	80.9	3.70	0.502
Lower limb muscle endurance	4	1.32	4.08	<0.001	0.65	0.957	0	0	0.662
Upper body flexibility	4	3.06	2.29	0.022	1.62	0.140	0	0	0.209
Lower body flexibility	4	5.34	3.99	<0.001	3.61	0.140	42.1	3.61	0.032
Dynamic balance	3	−0.35	−2.54	0.011	1.06	0.590	0	0	0.389
Sleep Quality	2	−1.71	−3.93	<0.001	0.39	0.822	0	0	0.929
Depression	2	−0.33	−2.11	0.035	4.49	0.106	55.4	0.04	0.121

Note: n, numbers of studies analyzed. SMD = standard mean difference. MD = mean difference.