Table 2.
The functions and related signaling pathways of MSC-EVs/exos from different sources in the treatment of ICH.
| Source of Exos | Function(s) | EVs or Exo/Involved miRNA or contents | Pathway(s) | Reference | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMSCs (rat) | Alleviate neuroinflammation | EVs/miR-183-5p | PDCD4/NLRP3p | Ding et al. (2021) | ICH |
| Reduce inflammation/Promote M2 polarization | EVs/-- | AMPK/NF-κB | Han et al. (2021) | SAH | |
| Inhibiting microglial activation/Reduce neuroinflammation | Exo/-- | CX3CL1/CX3CR1 | Chen et al. (2020) | SAH | |
| Neuroprotection/anti-inflammation/neurological recovery | Exo/miR-193b (HDAC3) | -- | Lai et al. (2020) | SAH | |
| reduce neuronal apoptosis | EVs/miR-21-5p | PTEN/Akt | Gao et al. (2020) | SAH | |
| anti-apoptotic | Exo/miR-133b modified | mediating RhoA and ERK1/2/CREB | Shen et al. (2018) | ICH | |
| Reducing neuronal apoptosis, Inhibiting microglial M1 polarization |
Exo/MiR-146a-5p | IRAK1 and NFAT5 | Duan et al. (2020) | SAH | |
| Reduce neuronal apoptosis | Exo/miR-21 overexpressing | NF-κB | Zhang et al. (2018) | SAH | |
| Inhibiting M1 microglia activation | EVs/miR-140-5p | ALK5/NOX2 | Qian et al. (2022) | SAH | |
| AD-MSCs (rat) | Neuroprotection/neurological recovery/restore the white matter integrity | EVs/-- | -- | Otero-Orteg et al. (2017) | ICH |
| HucMSCs (rat) |
suppress neuronal apoptosis | miR-206-Knockdown Exosomes | BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway | Zhao et al. (2019) | SAH |
| inhibited cell apoptosis and inflammatory mediator expression | Exo/MiR-26b-5p-modified | MAT2A-mediated the p38 MAPK/STAT3 |
Liu et al. (2021) | SAH |