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. 2023 Feb 16;5(1):e220146. doi: 10.1148/ryct.220146

Figure 3:

Comparison of MTC-BOOST and native T2prep-bSSFP cardiac MRI. (A) Multiplanar reformatted images in a 34-year-old man diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot after repair with transannular patch. Severe pulmonary artery regurgitation caused signal voids in the right ventricle, right ventricular outflow tract, and main pulmonary artery because of flow artifact (yellow arrow) in the clinical native sequence. Off-resonance artifact is demonstrated in the left atrium (blue arrow). Artifacts are minimized with the proposed MTC-BOOST sequence (red arrows). (B) Multiplanar reformatted images in an 18-year-old man with hypoplastic left heart syndrome after total cavopulmonary connection completion with a fenestrated lateral tunnel Fontan pathway. Signal voids are observed in the lateral tunnel and right atrium because of stagnant flow (purple arrows) in the native T2prep-bSSFP clinical data set, which necessitate further imaging for the exclusion of obstruction. Residual respiratory artifact (red arrowhead) is also present. The MTC-BOOST sequence demonstrates the vascular lumen without substantial artifact and excludes obstruction (red arrows). (C) Multiplanar reformatted images in a 23-year-old man with tetralogy of Fallot after repair with transannular patch, followed by pulmonary valve replacement with homograft due to severe regurgitation. Off-resonance artifacts in the pulmonary veins in the native T2-prep bSSFP sequence (black arrows) impede the sequential segmental anatomic description. Pulmonary venous return can be established in the MTC-BOOST data set (red arrows). (D) Multiplanar reformatted images in a 23-year-old woman with a small perimembranous ventricular septal defect that has not been repaired, causing mild aortic regurgitation. Flow-related artifact in the left ventricle (blue arrow) observed in the clinical native data set is suppressed in the MTC-BOOST data set. The left anterior descending coronary artery is sharply delineated with the research sequence (white arrow), owing to the improved fat suppression. Ao = aorta, LA = left atrium, LAD = left anterior descending artery, LV = left ventricle, MPA = main pulmonary artery, MTC-BOOST = Magnetization Transfer Contrast Bright-and-black blOOd phase SensiTive, RPA = right pulmonary artery, RV = right ventricle, RVOT = RV outflow tract, SVC = superior vena cava, T2prep-bSSFP = T2-prepared balanced steady-state free precession.

Comparison of MTC-BOOST and native T2prep-bSSFP cardiac MRI. (A) Multiplanar reformatted images in a 34-year-old man diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot after repair with transannular patch. Severe pulmonary artery regurgitation caused signal voids in the right ventricle, right ventricular outflow tract, and main pulmonary artery because of flow artifact (yellow arrow) in the clinical native sequence. Off-resonance artifact is demonstrated in the left atrium (blue arrow). Artifacts are minimized with the proposed MTC-BOOST sequence (red arrows). (B) Multiplanar reformatted images in an 18-year-old man with hypoplastic left heart syndrome after total cavopulmonary connection completion with a fenestrated lateral tunnel Fontan pathway. Signal voids are observed in the lateral tunnel and right atrium because of stagnant flow (purple arrows) in the native T2prep-bSSFP clinical data set, which necessitate further imaging for the exclusion of obstruction. Residual respiratory artifact (red arrowhead) is also present. The MTC-BOOST sequence demonstrates the vascular lumen without substantial artifact and excludes obstruction (red arrows). (C) Multiplanar reformatted images in a 23-year-old man with tetralogy of Fallot after repair with transannular patch, followed by pulmonary valve replacement with homograft due to severe regurgitation. Off-resonance artifacts in the pulmonary veins in the native T2-prep bSSFP sequence (black arrows) impede the sequential segmental anatomic description. Pulmonary venous return can be established in the MTC-BOOST data set (red arrows). (D) Multiplanar reformatted images in a 23-year-old woman with a small perimembranous ventricular septal defect that has not been repaired, causing mild aortic regurgitation. Flow-related artifact in the left ventricle (blue arrow) observed in the clinical native data set is suppressed in the MTC-BOOST data set. The left anterior descending coronary artery is sharply delineated with the research sequence (white arrow), owing to the improved fat suppression. Ao = aorta, LA = left atrium, LAD = left anterior descending artery, LV = left ventricle, MPA = main pulmonary artery, MTC-BOOST = Magnetization Transfer Contrast Bright-and-black blOOd phase SensiTive, RPA = right pulmonary artery, RV = right ventricle, RVOT = RV outflow tract, SVC = superior vena cava, T2prep-bSSFP = T2-prepared balanced steady-state free precession.