Comparison of MTC-BOOST and native T2prep-bSSFP cardiac MRI.
(A) Multiplanar reformatted images in a 19-year-old
woman with partial atrioventricular septal defect, after repair, and
severe left atrioventricular valve regurgitation. Residual respiratory
motion induces blurring in the ascending aorta (blue arrowheads), left
ventricle (orange arrowheads), and left main stem (yellow arrow) in the
clinical T2prep-bSSFP data set. Respiratory motion is adequately
resolved in the MTC-BOOST data set, with clear depiction of the aortic
and left ventricular wall (purple arrowheads) and the left main coronary
stem (red arrow). (B) Multiplanar reformatted images in a
19-year-old man with subaortic ventricular septal defect and aortic
regurgitation secondary to aortic valve prolapse after surgical repair,
who had recurrent aortic regurgitation after ventricular septal defect
closure and aortic valve repair. Images were acquired in end systole
because of high heart rate. Substantial luminal signal loss in the
ascending aorta and right pulmonary artery was observed due to flow
artifacts (blue arrows). Attenuation of the artifact in the
corresponding regions in the MTC-BOOST data set enabled reliable aortic
dimensioning (red arrows). (C) Multiplanar reformatted
images in a 23-year-old woman with dextrocardia, situs solitus,
double-outlet right ventricle, and severe pulmonary stenosis, who was
palliated with Hemi-Fontan procedure. Common origin of the coronary
arteries from the posterior-facing sinus is well demarcated with the
MTC-BOOST sequence (red arrow). Substantial artifact from residual
respiratory motion in the clinical T2prep-bSSFP data set (blue arrow)
hinders diagnostic certainty. (D) Multiplanar reformatted
images in a 26-year-old man with Alagile syndrome and hypoplasia of the
left pulmonary artery. Residual respiratory motion in the clinical
T2prep-bSSFP data set causes substantial blurring along the course of
the left pulmonary artery and ascending aorta, leading to unclear
measurements of the respective vascular diameters (black arrowheads).
The MTC-BOOST data set resolves the respiratory motion and demarcates
the aorta, as well as the proximal and distal course of the left
pulmonary artery (red arrow) and its branches. Ao = aorta, Asc =
ascending, CA = coronary artery, LA = left atrium, LPA = left pulmonary
artery, LV = left ventricle, MPA = main pulmonary artery, MTC-BOOST =
Magnetization Transfer Contrast Bright-and-black blOOd phase SensiTive,
RA = right atrium, RPA = right pulmonary artery, SVC = super vena cava,
T2prep-bSSFP = T2-prepared balanced steady-state free precession.