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. 2023 Feb 25;29(4-5):595–605. doi: 10.1177/13524585231154780

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© The Author(s), 2023

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 1. — Select MRI brain and spinal cord images of patients with acute CNS inflammatory events following COVID-19 vaccination. (A) Post-vaccine transverse myelitis. (A.a) Axial and (A.b) Sagittal T2 of the cervical spine reveal an intramedullary T2 hyperintense lesion at the level of C3–C4. (B) New onset relapsing remitting MS. (B.a) Axial and (B.c) Sagittal FLAIR reveal multiple ovoid T2 hyperintense lesions in the supratentorial white matter, including periventricular and juxtacortical involvement. (B.b) Axial T1 post-contrast shows enhancement of several lesions, as well as multiple T1 black hole lesions. (C) Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease. (C.a) Axial and (C.b) Sagittal T2 of the thoracic spine reveal an intramedullary T2 hyperintense lesion at the level of T10. (D) Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. (D.a) Axial T2 of the thoracic spine at the level of T6 and (D.b) Sagittal T2 of the cervical and thoracic spine reveal a longitudinally extensive intramedullary T2 hyperintense lesion from T3–T4 to T9–T10 (thoracic spine only visualized to T8). (E) Post-vaccine tumefactive demyelination. (E.a) Axial FLAIR reveals a right frontal mass lesion with vasogenic edema and (E.b) Axial T1 post-contrast reveals associated ring-enhancement. (F) Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids. (F.a) Axial FLAIR reveals diffuse, patchy increased T2 signal in the pons and (F.b) Axial T1 post-contrast reveals associated nodular enhancement.