Table 4.
Diagnosis, treatment and outcome.
| Patients with CNS inflammatory event, n = 38 | |
|---|---|
| Duration of follow up, median days (range) | 299 (6–473) |
| Diagnosis at last follow up, n (%) | |
| RRMS | 16 (42.1) |
| Post-vaccine TM | 7 (18.4) |
| CIS | 5 (13.2) |
| MS relapse | 4 (10.5) |
| Post-vaccine tumefactive demyelination | 2 (5.3) |
| MOGAD | 1 (2.6) |
| NMOSD | 1 (2.6) |
| PACA | 1 (2.6) |
| CLIPPERS | 1 (2.6) |
| Acute treatment 1, n (%) | |
| IV methylprednisolone | 16 (42.1) |
| High dose pulse PO prednisone | 5 (13.2) |
| PO dexamethasone | 1 (2.6) |
| None | 16 (42.1) |
| Acute treatment 2, n (%) | |
| PO prednisone taper | 16 (42.1) |
| PLEX | 5 (13.2) |
| IV methylprednisolone | 2 (5.3) |
| IVIG | 1 (2.6) |
| None | 14 (36.8) |
| EDSS at last follow up, median (range) | 2 (0–6.5) |
| Time of last EDSS from symptom onset, median days (range) | 141 (6–473) |
| Outcome at last follow up, n (%) | |
| Partial recovery | 30 (78.9) |
| Baseline | 7 (18.4) |
| Worsening | 1 (2.6) |
| DMT by diagnosis at last follow up, n (%) | |
| RRMS | |
| Ocrelizumab | 4/16 (25.0) |
| Dimethyl fumarate | 4/16 (25.0) |
| Ofatumumab | 3/16 (18.8) |
| Glatiramer acetate | 2/16 (12.5) |
| Natalizumab | 1/16 (6.3) |
| Unknown | 1/16 (6.3) |
| None | 1/16 (6.3) |
| Post-vaccine TM | |
| None | 7/7 (100.0) |
| CIS | |
| Glatiramer acetate | 2/5 (40.0) |
| None | 3/5 (60.0) |
| MS relapse | |
| Ofatumumab | 1/4 (25.0) |
| Cladribine | 1/4 (25.0) |
| Waiting to start ocrelizumab | 1/4 (25.0) |
| None | 1/4 (25.0) |
| Post-vaccine tumefactive demyelination | |
| None | 2/2 (100.0) |
| MOGAD | |
| None | 1/1 (100.0) |
| NMOSD | |
| Waiting to start rituximab | 1/1 (100.0) |
| PACA | |
| Cyclophosphamide | 1/1 (100.0) |
| CLIPPERS | |
| None | 1/1 (100.0) |
Abbreviations: CNS = central nervous system; RRMS = relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis; TM = transverse myelitis; CIS = clinically isolated syndrome; MOGAD = myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease; NMOSD = neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; PACA = primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia; CLIPPERS = chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids; IV = intravenous; PO = by mouth; PLEX = plasmapheresis; IVIG = intravenous immunoglobulin; EDSS = expanded disability status scale; DMT = disease-modifying therapy.