Pre-COVID-19 mean	${\alpha }_1$	Immediate effect	Long-term effect
South Africa
Domestic	$9.4$	$0.82$*	$-01.07$*	$-5.9$
International	$8.93$	$0.79$*	$-02.14$*	$-10.2$
Nigeria
Domestic	$8.01$	$0.66$*	$-0.62$*	$-1.8$
International	$7.47$	$0.78$*	$-1.9$*	$-8.6$
Kenya
Domestic	$7.98$	$0.50$*	$-0.69$*	$-1.4$
International	$8.35$	$0.80$*	$-2.27$*	$-11.4$
Ghana
Domestic	$6.4$	$0.65$*	$-0.53$*	$-1.5$
International	$7.3$	$0.78$*	$-2.06$*	$-9.4$
Mauritius
Domestic	$5.4$	$0.68$*	$-1.48$*	$-4.6$
International	$7.3$	$0.82$*	$-1.79$*	$-10.1$
Rwanda
Domestic	$4.01$	$0.72$*	$-1.04$*	$-3.7$
International	$7.2$	$0.81$*	$-1.6$*	$-8.4$
Tanzania
Domestic	$7.9$	$0.76$*	$-0.306$*	$-1.28$
International	$7.5$	$0.85$*	$-1.28$*	$-8.53$
Morocco
Domestic	$7.08$	$0.77$*	$-1.61$*	$-7.00$
International	$8.9$	$0.66$*	$-2.3$*	$-6.76$
Egypt
Domestic	$7.6$	$0.76$*	$-1.59$*	$-6.63$
International	$8.8$	$0.67$*	$-2.08$*	$-6.30$

Notes: * statistically significant at the 1% level; ** statistically significant at the 5% level.