Table 1.
Overview of included studies with patient characteristics and APT strategies.
| Replanning strategy |
Imaging modality |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author (Year) | Nr of patients | Tumor site (Nr) | Target, margin | Frequency | Timing | Online/offline | Per-treatment imaging | Dose re-calculation | Clinical/simulation APT |
| Bobić (2021) [9] | 10 | OP (6), tongue (2), larynx (2) | CTV, 0 mm | Daily and weekly | – | Online | CBCT | CBCT | Simulation |
| Minatogawa (2021) [10] | 10 | NP (10) | PTV, 3 mm from CTV | Once | Fx 12–14 | Offline | Repeat CT | Repeat CT | Simulation (Clinical adaptive IMRT) |
| Lalonde (2021) [11] | 10 | OP (6), tongue (2), larynx (2) | CTV, 3 mm robust | Once or daily | aRO: first two daily CBCTs | Online | CBCT | CBCT | Simulation |
| Nesteruk (2021) [12] | 10 | OC, OP, larynx | CTV, 0 mm | Daily | – | Online | CBCT | CBCT | Simulation |
| Yang (2020) [13] | 10 | NP (6), OP (4) | CTV, 3 mm robust | Once or twice | 1st APT: Fx 8–14 2nd APT: 12–17 fx after 1st APT aRO: CT of 1st APT |
Offline | Repeat CT | Repeat CT | Simulation (Clinical 2x APT) |
| Cubillos-Mesías (2019) [14] | 20 | HNC, subsite NA |
CTV, 3 mm robust | Once | aRO: first two weekly repeat CTs | Offline | Repeat CT | Repeat CT | Simulation |
| Botas (2018) [15] | 10 | OP (5), mouth (1), tongue(1), HP (1), larynx (1), right neck (1) | CTV, 0 mm | Weekly | – | Online | CBCT | CBCT | Simulation |
| Wu (2017) [16] | 10 | OP | CTV, distal and proximal: 0 cm, lateral: 1 cm | Once | 4th week | Offline | Repeat CT | Repeat CT | Clinical APT |
| Kurz (2016) [17] | 9 | Larynx (3), HP (2), NP (1), NC (3) | PTV, 5–7 mm from CTV | Once | 30–50 days after planning-CT | Offline | CBCT and repeat CT | CBCT (vCT) and repeat CT | Simulation |
| Simone (2011) [18] | 10 | OP (7), SGL (2), NP (1) | PTV, 5 mm from CTV | Once | On average after 2.9 weeks | Offline | Repeat CT | Repeat CT | Simulation (Clinical adaptive IMRT) |
Nr: number, HNC: Head and neck cancer, OP: oropharynx, NP: nasopharynx, HP: hypopharynx, NC: nasal cavity, SGL: supraglottic larynx, OC: oral cavity, NA: not applicable, CTV: clinical target volume, PTV: planning target volume, APT: adaptive proton therapy, Fx: fraction, aRO: anatomical robust optimization, CT: computerized tomography, CBCT: cone-beam CT, vCT: virtual CT.