Table 4.
Longitudinal mixed effects model results for baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), and WMH volumes, in relation to the global cognitive composite score, episodic memory and executive function (biomarker sample; N = 148)
| WMH volume - Dichotomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Global cognition |
Episodic memory |
Executive function |
||||
| Estimate (SE) | p | Estimate (SE) | p | Estimate (SE) | p | |
| GDS total | ||||||
| Time | −0.023 (0.027) | 0.405 | 0.042 (0.031) | 0.185 | −0.099 (0.025) | <0.001 |
| GDS total | 0.068 (0.046) | 0.145 | 0.040 (0.047) | 0.393 | 0.026 (0.049) | 0.602 |
| WMH volume | −0.465 (0.195) | 0.019 | −0.581 (0.197) | 0.004 | −0.135 (0.206) | 0.515 |
| GDS Total × time | −0.005 (0.01) | 0.621 | −0.007 (0.011) | 0.524 | −0.002 (0.009) | 0.829 |
| WMH volume × time | −0.067 (0.043) | 0.126 | −0.076 (0.050) | 0.134 | −0.012 (0.040) | 0.756 |
| GDS ≥ 1 | ||||||
| Time | −0.040 (0.03) | 0.182 | 0.022 (0.034) | 0.522 | −0.117 (0.027) | <0.001 |
| GDS ≥ 1 | 0.022 (0.144) | 0.876 | 0.034 (0.144) | 0.812 | −0.132 (0.151) | 0.384 |
| WMH volume | −0.476 (0.197) | 0.017 | −0.587 (0.197) | 0.003 | −0.139 (0.206) | 0.500 |
| GDS ≥ 1 × time | 0.024 (0.030) | 0.429 | 0.024 (0.035) | 0.498 | 0.031 (0.028) | 0.274 |
| WMH volume × time | −0.067 (0.043) | 0.123 | −0.076 (0.050) | 0.131 | −0.013 (0.040) | 0.749 |
| NPI total | ||||||
| Time | −0.029 (0.026) | 0.274 | 0.040 (0.030) | 0.183 | −0.100 (0.024) | <0.001 |
| NPI total | −0.030 (0.098) | 0.759 | 0.030 (0.098) | 0.761 | −0.200 (0.101) | 0.049 |
| WMH volume | −0.474 (0.197) | 0.017 | −0.591 (0.197) | 0.003 | −0.117 (0.204) | 0.568 |
| NPI total × time | 0.004 (0.024) | 0.862 | −0.022 (0.028) | 0.438 | −0.005 (0.023) | 0.837 |
| WMH volume × time | −0.067 (0.043) | 0.125 | −0.072 (0.050) | 0.156 | −0.011 (0.040) | 0.777 |
| NPI ≥ 1 | ||||||
| Time | −0.026 (0.026) | 0.319 | 0.045 (0.030) | 0.135 | −0.101 (0.020) | <0.001 |
| NPI ≥ 1 | 0.011 (0.185) | 0.952 | 0.120 (0.185) | 0.519 | −0.314 (0.190) | 0.106 |
| WMH volume | −0.479 (0.199) | 0.017 | −0.606 (0.199) | 0.003 | −0.088 (0.207) | 0.670 |
| NPI ≥ 1 × time | −0.010 (0.042) | 0.806 | −0.071 (0.048) | 0.141 | −0.004 (0.039) | 0.927 |
| WMH volume × time | −0.064 (0.044) | 0.147 | −0.061 (0.051) | 0.233 | −0.011 (0.041) | 0.782 |
All models adjusted for baseline age, gender, education, and their interactions with time. All two- and three-way interactions of NPS × WMH dichotomous, and NPS × WMH dichotomous × time were not significant (all p > 0. 05) and therefore excluded from the final models. WMH positive, whole brain WMH volume in highest quartile.