Table 1.
Characteristics associated with uptake of at least two-doses of COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers in Albania, June 2022a.
| Characteristics N = 1452 | COVID-19 vaccination status |
Unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR) |
Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not vaccinated N = 115 (%) | Vaccinated two doses N = 1337 (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age group (years) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| ≤34 (n = 390) | 57 (14·6) | 333 (85·4) | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| 35–44 (n = 346) | 26 (7.5) | 320 (92.5) | 2.11 (1.29–3.43) | 0.003 | 2.07 (1.26–3.41) | 0.004 |
| 45–54 (n = 408) | 13 (3.2) | 395 (96.8) | 5.20 (2.80–9.67) | <0.001 | 4.62 (2.47–8.67) | <0.001 |
| ≥55 (n = 308) | 19 (6.2) | 289 (93.8) | 2.60 (1.51–4.48) | 0.001 | 2.37 (1.36–4.13) | 0.002 |
| Gender | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Male (n = 312) | 13 (4.2) | 299 (95.8) | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Female (n = 1140) | 102 (9.0) | 1038 (91.0) | 0.44 (0.24–0.80) | 0.007 | 0.45 (0.24–83) | 0.010 |
| Influenza vaccination in 2020–2021 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No (n = 1048) | 90 (8.6) | 958 (91.4) | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Yes (n = 404) | 25 (6.2) | 379 (93.8) | 1.42 (0.90–2.25) | 0.131 | 1.96 (0.98–3.92) | 0.059 |
| Study site | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tirana (n = 914) | 79 (8.6) | 835 (91.4) | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Fier (n = 291) | 13 (4.5) | 278 (95.5) | 2.02 (1.11–3.69) | 0.022 | 1.83 (0.98–3.40) | 0.057 |
| Durres (n = 247) | 23 (9.3) | 224 (90.7) | 0.92 (0.57–1.50) | 0.742 | 0.57 (0.27–1.21) | 0.145 |
| Patient contact | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No (n = 66) | 12 (18.2) | 54 (81.8) | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Yes (n = 1386) | 103 (7.4) | 1283 (92.6) | 2.77 (1.44–5.34) | 0.002 | 3.40 (1.67–6.93) | 0.001 |
| Prior self-reported laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No (n = 939) | 64 (6.8) | 875 (93.2) | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Yes (n = 513) | 51 (9.9) | 462 (90.1) | 0.66 (0.45–0.97) | 0.036 | 0.67 (0.45–0.99) | 0.048 |
| Pre-existing conditions | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No (n = 1166) | 100 (8.6) | 1066 91.4) | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Yes (n = 286) | 15 (5.2) | 271 (94.8) | 1.69 (0.97–2.96) | 0.064 | 1.21 (0.65–2.29) | 0.545 |
| Smoking habits | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Never smoked (n = 1190) | 105 (8.8) | 1085 (91.2) | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Current and former smoker (n = 262) | 10 (3.8) | 252 (96.2) | 2.44 (1.26–4.73) | 0.008 | 2.03 (1.01–4.08) | 0.046 |
| Care for older patients (65+) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No (n = 649) | 63 (9.7) | 586 (90.3) | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Yes (n = 803) | 52 (6.5) | 751 (93.5) | 1.55 (1.06–2.28) | 0.024 | 1.11 (0.74–1.70) | 0.607 |
| Body mass indexb | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| ≤24.9 (n = 605) | 61 (10.1) | 544 (89.9) | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| ≥25.0–29.9 (n = 584) | 34 (5.8) | 550 (94.2) | 1.81 (1.17–2.80) | 0.007 | 1.15 (0.71–1.87) | 0.563 |
| ≥30.0 (n = 263) | 20 (7.6) | 243 (92.4) | 1.36 (0.80–2.31) | 0.250 | 0.80 (0.44–1.43) | 0.447 |
| Occupation | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Physician (n = 297) | 14 (4.7) | 283 (95.3) | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Nurses, midwifes (n = 696) | 56 (8.1) | 640 (91.9) | 0.57 (0.31–1.03) | 0.063 | 0.80 (0.43–1.49) | 0.477 |
| Support staff (n = 189) | 11 (5.8) | 178 (94.2) | 0.80 (0.36–1.80) | 0.591 | 0.77 (0.33–1.82) | 0.556 |
| Administrative staff (n = 270) | 34 (12.6) | 236 (87.4) | 0.34 (0.18–0.65) | 0.001 | 0.54 (0.27–1.08) | 0.082 |
| Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at enrollment | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No (n = 409) | 30 (7.3) | 379 (92.7) | Reference | – | – | – |
| Yes (n = 1043) | 85 (8.2) | 958 (91.6) | 0.89 (0.58–1.38) | 0.605 | – | – |
| Household size | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Live with 1 person (n = 23) | 2 (8.7) | 21 (91.3) | Reference | – | – | – |
| Live with 2 people (n = 161) | 18 (11.2) | 143 (88.8) | 0.76 (0.16–3.50) | 0.721 | – | – |
| Live with 3 people (n = 368) | 26 (7.1) | 342 (92.9) | 1.25 (0.28–5.64) | 0.769 | – | – |
| Live with 4 people (n = 463) | 40 (8.6) | 423 (91.4) | 1.01 (0.23–4.45) | 0.993 | – | – |
| Live with 5+ people (n = 437) | 29 (6.6) | 408 (93.4) | 1.34 (0.30–6.00) | 0.702 | – | – |
| Regular performance aerosol generating procedures | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No (n = 716) | 57 (8.8) | 659 (92.0) | Reference | – | – | |
| Yes (n = 736) | 58 (7.9) | 678 (92.1) | 1.01 (0.69–1.48) | 0.955 | – | – |
| Patient-facing role | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No (n = 570) | 47 (8.3) | 523 (91.7) | Reference | – | – | – |
| Yes (n = 882) | 68 (7.7) | 814 (92.3) | 1.08 (0.73–1.59) | 0.712 | – | – |
a
Excluding 52 participants who only received one COVID-19 vaccine dose.
b
Body mass index was calculated based on self-reported height and weight and grouped into the following three categories: 1) underweight (<18.5) and healthy weight (18.5–24.9), 2) overweight (25.0–29.9), and 3) obesity (≥30.0).