. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 27.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Ind Med. 2019 Dec 13;63(3):209–217. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23083

Table 2:

Mortality among workers with a claim for low back sprain or strain (1998–2015, West Virginia Referent Rates).^a

	Overall cohort (N=14,218)			Cohort members with lost work time (N=8,365)			Cohort members with permanent disability^b (N=4,013)
	OBS	SMR	95% CI	OBS	SMR	95% CI	OBS	SMR	95% CI

All deaths	1,393	0.92	0.87–0.97	958	1.04	0.98–1.11	518	1.07	0.98–1.16
All cancers	353	0.88	0.79–0.98	243	0.99	0.87–1.12	121	0.90	0.75–1.08
Heart diseases	239	0.80	0.70–0.91	168	0.92	0.79–1.07	94	0.95	0.77–1.16
Intentional self-harm	65	1.14	0.88–1.45	48	1.43	1.06–1.90	23	1.41	0.89–2.11
Accidental poisoning	119	1.62	1.34–1.94	85	2.02	1.61–2.50	53	2.78	2.08–3.64

OBS, observed number of deaths; SMR, standardized mortality ratio; CI, confidence interval

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes were mapped to all cancers, heart diseases, intentional self-harm, and accidental poisoning as described on the NIOSH website at https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ltas/pdf/NIOSH-119-table-2007.pdf.

Permanent partial or permanent total disability