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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 27.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Ind Med. 2019 Dec 13;63(3):209–217. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23083

Table 3:

Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for selected outcomes according to disability-related factors.a

All deaths
All cancers
Heart diseases
Intentional self-harm
Drug overdoses involving opioids
HR 95% CI HR 95% CI HR 95% CI HR 95% CI HR 95% CI

Lost time 1.44 1.27–1.63 1.41 1.10–1.81 1.42 1.06–1.92 1.85 1.02–3.37 1.89 1.22–2.93
Weeks of lost time (per 100 weeks) 1.27 1.14–1.41 1.05 0.84–1.32 1.35 1.06–1.71 1.53 0.94–2.50 1.73 1.23–2.44
Permanent partial disability (vs. no disability) 1.25 1.12–1.40 0.98 0.78–1.23 1.25 0.95–1.63 1.28 0.75–2.18 2.31 1.59–3.37
Permanent total disability (vs. no disability) 1.11 0.61–2.03 1.37 0.51–3.71 1.38 0.43–4.50 3.36 0.46–24.82 3.16 0.43–23.04
Percent permanent disability (per 10%) 1.10 1.03–1.17 0.97 0.85–1.11 1.13 0.98–1.31 1.27 0.96–1.68 1.40 1.14–1.71
Surgical treatment 0.90 0.55–1.48 0.40 0.10–1.61 0.92 0.29–2.87 1.46 0.20–10.56 0 NC

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; NC, not calculated as no cases exposed

a

Models were adjusted for age (time scale) and for sex and birth date (±5 years) by matching. The number of observed cases in these analyses ranged from 60 to 1295, depending on the death category and disability-related factor in the model.

b

Permanent partial or permanent total disability