Table 1.
Nasal spray vaccines for COVID-19 management
| Name of vaccine | Innovator/sponsor | Content | Study details |
|---|---|---|---|
| BBV154 | Bharat Biotech | Engineered chimpanzee adenovirus carrying the spike protein gene | Clinical trials completed and the data submitted in August 2022, to Indian regulators for authorization. It is approved by CDSCO in India |
| Ad5 Virus Vaccine | ImmunityBio | Ad5 virus engineered to contain two coronavirus genes. Additionally to the spike protein, it encompasses the gene for a protein, nucleocapsid | Nasal spray version of the same is being tested |
| CVXGA1 | University of Georgia and the University of Iowa | Engineered canine Parainfuenza virus to carry corona virus proteins | Single dose can protect mice as well as ferrets against Covid-19. CyanVac has undertaken clinical trials on humans |
| Mambisa | Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) | Coronavirus spike protein along with a hepatitis B virus protein | Approved for trial as booster dose by Cuban health authorities |
| ACM-001 | ACM Biolabs | Protein subunit | Intranasal COVID-19 vaccination to their first participant on July 29, 2022 |
| CoviLiv | Codagenix | Live-attenuated virus | Launched a phase 1 trial in May 2022, to test it as a booster. Produces potent antibodies in the nose. Generates T cells, which target infected cells. Phase 2 trials have been undertaken |
| Cov-Pars Razi Intranasal Vaccine | Iranian Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute | Recombinant protein subunit vaccine containing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein | Iranian health authorities approved emergency use authorization for the vaccine in November 2021 |