Table 4.
General data from studies of taVNS included in the review.
| References | Study type | Intervention | Sample size | Stimulation area | Intensity (mA) | Stimulation (min) | Frequency (Hz) | Scheme | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lehtimäki et al.103 | Cohort | taVNS + tailored ST | 10 | Left tragus | Suprathreshold | 45–60 | 25 | 7 sessions in 10 days | Positive |
| Mei et al.104 | RCT | taVNS + sound masking | 63 | Concha | 1 | 20 | 20 | 2 sessions/day, 8 weeks | Positive |
| Ylikoski et al.105 | Cohort | taVNS + TRT | 78 | Left tragus | Suprathreshold | 60–90 | 25 | 1 session/day, 5 days/week, 1 year | Positive |
| Shim et al.102 | Cohort | taVNS + notched music | 30 | Left concha | Suprathreshold | 30 | 25 | 10 sessions | Positive |
| Kreuzer et al.106 | Cohort | taVNS | 50 | Cymba conchae | Suprathreshold | phase 1: 6 h/day | 25 | 24 weeks | Negative |
| phase 2: 4 h/day | |||||||||
| Suk et al.107 | Cohort | taVNS | 24 | Cavum, cymba, outer surface of the tragus | Suprathreshold | 4 at each site | 30 | 4 sessions | Positive |
| Tutar et al.108 | RCT | taVNS | 60 | Cymba conchae | Suprathreshold | 30 | 200 | 10 sessions | Positive |
RCT, randomized controlled trial; ST, sound therapy; taVNS, transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation; TRT, tinnitus-retraining therapy.