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. 2023 Jan 31;20(3):307–317. doi: 10.7150/ijms.80942

Figure 3.

Figure 3

NMN treatment alleviated microglial and astrocyte activation and inhibited inflammatory response in hippocampal CA1 at 8 days after TBI. A) Representative fluorescence images for staining of GFAP in CA1 region. Scale bar = 40 μm (n =3 per group). B) Representative fluorescence images for staining of IBA-1 in CA1 region. Scale bar = 40 μm (n =3 per group). C) quantitative analysis of GFAB and IBA-1 fluorescence intensity in the DG. D) RT-qPCR of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression levels at 24h after TBI (n =3 per group). (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 TBI vs Sham group; #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 TBI vs TBI +NMN group).