Table 3.
Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of the two groups after PSM
| Variables | NAC (N=413) | Surgery (N=413) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operation, N% | 0.843 | ||
| Radical resection | 408 | 410 | |
| Palliative resection | 1(0.26) | 1(0.26) | |
| Explora | 4(1.02) | 2(0.52) | |
| Surgical approach N% | 0.0000* | ||
| Missing | 2 | 10 | |
| Open | 96(23.36) | 237(58.81) | |
| MIE | 315(76.64) | 163(40.45) | |
| Hybrid operation | 0(0.00) | 3(0.74) | |
| Open approach, N% | 0.2145 | ||
| Missing | 96 | 237 | |
| Left Thoracic Approach | 41(42.71) | 119(50.21) | |
| Right Thoracic Approach | 55(57.29) | 118(49.79) | |
| Anastomotic methods, N% | 0.3390 | ||
| Missing | 0 | 4 | |
| Intrathoracic anastomosis | 3(0.73) | 6(1.47) | |
| Cervical anastomosis | 410(99.27) | 403(98.53) | |
| Operative time (min) | <0.0001* | ||
| Mean (standard deviation) | 283.2(79.46) | 259.2(80.99) | |
| Median (Q1,Q3) | 270.0(240.0, 330.0) | 245.0(200.0, 310.0) | |
| Second operation, N% | 1.0000 | ||
| Yes | 1(0.24) | 1(0.24) | |
| No | 412(99.76) | 412(99.76) | |
| Blood loss (ml) | 0.1371 | ||
| Missing | 90(323) | 152(261) | |
| Mean (standard deviation) | 179.0(118.72) | 197.7(120.22) | |
| Median (Q1,Q3) | 150.0(100.0, 200.0) | 200.0(100.0, 200.0) | |
| Postoperative hospital stay | <0.0001* | ||
| Mean (standard deviation) | 16.1(11.96) | 17.4(9.91) | |
| Median (Q1,Q3) | 13.0(9.0, 18.0) | 14.0(13.0, 18.0) | |
| Maximum, Minimum | 1, 113 | 4, 75 | |
| Fasting days | 0.2060 | ||
| Mean (standard deviation) | 8.8(13.03) | 9.1(8.29) | |
| Median (Q1,Q3) | 7.0(1.5, 9.5) | 8.0(3.0, 11.0) | |
| Maximum, Minimum | 1, 84 | 1, 42 | |
| Chest tube drainage days | 0.2687 | ||
| Mean (standard deviation) | 6.4(3.89) | 7.4(3.66) | |
| Median (Q1,Q3) | 6.0(3.5, 9.0) | 7.0(5.5, 9.0) | |
| Maximum, Minimum | 1, 13 | 1, 27 | |
| Mediastinal tube drainage days | 0.8690 | ||
| Mean (standard deviation) | 11.6(11.03) | 8.7(4.30) | |
| Median (Q1,Q3) | 8.0(6.0, 12.0) | 6.0(6.0, 13.0) | |
| Maximum, Minimum | 4, 42 | 3, 15 | |
| Lymph nodes retrieved | 0.0295* | ||
| Mean (standard deviation) | 22.1(13.59) | 22.8(10.97) | |
| Median (Q1,Q3) | 19.0(12.0, 30.0) | 22.0(15.0, 29.0) | |
| Positive lymph nodes | 0.5008 | ||
| Mean (standard deviation) | 1.0(2.04) | 1.3(2.45) | |
| Median (Q1,Q3) | 0.0(0.0, 1.0) | 0.0(0.0, 2.0) | |
| Maximum, Minimum | 0, 19 | 0, 18 | |
| Complications, n(%) | 171(41.40) | 173(41.89) | 0.8877 |
| Complications | 0.5546 | ||
| Mean (standard deviation) | 0.8(1.30) | 0.9(1.54) | |
| Median (Q1,Q3) | 0.0(0.0, 1.0) | 0.0(0.0, 1.0) | |
| Maximum, Minimum | 0, 7 | 0, 9 | |
| Number of complications per patients N (%) | 0.4320 | ||
| 0 | 242(58.60) | 240(58.11) | |
| 1 | 87(21.07) | 74(17.92) | |
| 2 | 39(9.44) | 41(9.93) | |
| ≥3 | 45(10.90) | 58(14.04) | |
| Clavien‒Dindo grading system, N (%) | 0.7082 | ||
| Missing | 147(266) | 155(258) | |
| I | 60(40.82) | 65(41.94) | |
| II | 76(51.70) | 82(52.90) | |
| IV-a | 11(7.48) | 8(5.16) | |
| Pneumonia, N (%) | 93(22.52) | 101(24.46) | 0.5114 |
| Respiratory failure, N (%) | 1(0.24) | 3(0.73) | 0.6241 |
| Mediastinal infection, N (%) | 0(0.00) | 1(0.24) | 1.0000 |
| Pneumoderm, N (%) | 2(0.48) | 5(1.21) | 0.4511 |
| Myocardial infarction, N (%) | 0(0.00) | 1(0.24) | 1.0000 |
| Arrhythmia, N (%) | 17(4.12) | 23(5.57) | 0.3308 |
| Urinary infection, N (%) | 0(0.00) | 1(0.24) | 1.0000 |
| Incision infection, N (%) | 0(0.00) | 4(0.97) | 0.1241 |
| Chylothorax, N (%) | 2(0.48) | 0(0.00) | 0.4994 |
| Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, N (%) | 45(10.90) | 60(14.53) | 0.117 |
| Anastomotic leakage, N (%) | 15(3.63) | 17(4.12) | 0.7184 |
| Thoracic gastric fistula, N (%) | 1(0.24) | 0(0.00) | 1.0000 |
| Tracheopleural fistula, N (%) | 0(0.00) | 1(0.24) | 1.0000 |
| Bronchopleural fistula, N (%) | 0(0.00) | 1(0.24) | 1.0000 |
| Local recurrence, N% | 0.2216 | ||
| Yes | 40(9.69) | 51(12.35) | |
| No | 373(90.31) | 362(87.65) | |
| Distant metastasis, N% | 0.2078 | ||
| Yes | 37(8.96) | 48(11.62) | |
| No | 376(91.04) | 365(88.38) | |
NAC, neoadjuvant chemotherapy; N, number; MIE, minimally invasive oesophagectomy; * Statistically significant (p<0.05).