TABLE III.
Overview of the Included Cases
| No. | Study | Age, y; sex | Medical history | Diclofenac salt, dose, administration route, indication | Concomitant medications | KS type | Onset | Summary of treatment | LOS | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mori et al26 (1997) | 69; M | 7 wk before admission, chest pain with ischemic ST-segment changes after diclofenac sodium (25 mg) suppository; no history of allergic factors or major CAD risk factors | Sodium, 12.5 mg, rectal, fever | NS | NR | 5 min | Nitroglycerin and atropine sulfate IV; intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate after ergonovine provocation test; later diltiazem, long-acting nitrate, and nicorandil | NR | Survived |
| 2 | Blanco et al17 (2003) | 57; M | No history of coronary or vascular risk factors, previous allergies, or drug use | NR, 100 mg, rectal, acute lower back pain | No | NR | 4 h | Methylprednisolone, rt-PA, parenteral nitroglycerin infusion | NR | Survived |
| 3 | Gluvic et al22 (2007) | 66; M | History of diclofenac sodium hypersensitivity, excessive smoking habit | Sodium, NR, IM, pain in left toe from foot injury | NS | NR | Several minutes | CPR (airway intubation, oxygen therapy, establishing IV access, precordial thump, crystalloid administration), oxygen, methylprednisolone, theophylline, IV nitrates (nitroglycerin) | NR | Survived |
| 4 | de Groot et al20 (2009) | 48; M | No history of allergies, eczema, or asthma; surgery for a herniated disc; father and grandfather had died of CV event; smoker; used diclofenac several years earlier without problems | NR, 50 mg, oral, back pain | No | NR | Within minutes | Initially IV fluid replacement, then adrenaline and clemastine IV; IV administration of fluids continued | NR | Survived |
| 5 | Cakar et al19 (2011) | 74; F | No history of allergy at first administration | First time: potassium, NR, oral, NR Second time: potassium, NR, IV, upper respiratory tract infection symptoms |
NS | First time: II Second time: I and II |
First time: 30 min Second time: NR |
First time: IV antihistaminic and prednisolone, saline and dopamine infusions, successful coronary angioplasty with implantation of sequential 3.0- × 16-mm and 3.0- × 8-mm bare-metal stents Second time: IV antihistaminic and prednisolone |
NR | Survived |
| 6 | Granitz et al34 (2011) | 60; M | Planned knee arthroscopy | NR, NR, IV, used during induction of anesthesia | NS | II | Immediately after | Resuscitation, clopidogrel | NR | Survived |