Table 3. Results from included studies.
TTE= Transthoracic echocardiography, TRV=Tricuspid Regurgitant Velocity, AS=Aortic Stenosis, PH=Pulmonary Hypertension, P< 0.05 is a statistically significant outcome, STS score=Society of Thoracic Surgeons Score, EuroScore=European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation, OR=odds ratio, HR= hazard ratio, PASP= Pulmonary artery systolic pressure, RR= Relative Risk, Pc-PH= Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension, Ipc-PH= isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension and Cpc-PH= Combined pre and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension.
| Study Name | Comparison group | 30 days Cardiac Mortality | 30 days all-cause mortality | Late Cardiac Mortality | Late all-cause mortality | Scoring system Used |
| Sinning et al. [16] | No PH vs Mild-moderate PH vs Severe PH | NA | (2%) vs (6.8%) vs (13.2%), P< 0.01 | NA | (13.9%) vs (27.3%) vs (48.4%), p< 0.001 | Logistic EuroScore & STS score |
| Lindman et al. [29] | No PH vs Mild PH vs Severe PH | (2.8%) vs (3.7%) vs (5.4%) p~0.051 | p> 0.05 | Death (cardiac) - (6.3%) vs (9.7%) vs (12.7%) <0.001 | Death (all-cause) 144 (18.6%) vs 189 (22.7%) vs 138 (25.0%), p< 0.01 | STS score |
| O'Sullivan et al. [1] | No PH vs PH- Ipc-PH vs Pcp-PH vs Cpc-PH | No statistical Significance | p> 0.05 | Combined PH HR- 3.81 (1 year) p< 0.05 | Combined PH HR- 3.28 (1 year), p<0.05 | STS score & Logistic EUROscore |
| Barbash et al. [21] | No/mild PH vs Moderate/severe PH | No statistical Significance | 14.5%, p< 0.02 | NA | 30.8% (1 year) | STS score & Logistic EUROscore |
| Testa et al. [24] | No PH vs. Moderate PH vs. Severe PH | No statistical Significance | p> 0.05 | No PH vs Moderate PH/ Severe PH 8 vs 10 vs 15 (p < 0.05) | 15% vs 20% vs 26% ( p <0.005) | STS score & Logistic EUROscore |
| Nijenhuis et al. [25] | Low vs Moderate vs High probability of PH based on TRV on TTE | 5.9% vs. 5.3% vs. 11.9%, p = 0.04 | 5.9% vs. 6.1% vs. 18.9%, p < 0.01 | 20.1% vs. 23.4% vs. 33.8%, p < 0.01 (2 years) | 26.8% vs. 28.7% vs. 47.1%, p < 0.01 (2 years) | STS score & Logistic EUROscore |
| Kleczynski et al. [26] | PH vs. no PH (TRV- Clinical parameters) | NA | NA | NA | OR 2.26 for a median follow-up of 13.3 months, p< 0.05 | Logistic EUROscore |
| Masri et al. [17] | No PH vs. Persistent PH Post TAVI | NA | NA | NA | HR= 1.82, persistent PH at 1 month, p< 0.05 | STS score |
| Schewel et al. [18] | No PH vs Pc-PH vs Ipc-PH vs Cpc-PH | NA | p < 0.0083 for no PH vs. Pc-PH. p < 0.0083 for no PH vs. Ipc-PH | 1 year & 4-year mortality Pc-PH and Ipc-PH (p < 0.001) vs no PH and 4 years mortality Cpc-PH vs no PH p< 0.007 | 1 year and 4- year Pc-PH and Ipc-PH (p < 0.001) vs no PH, 4 years: Cpc-PH vs no PH p< 0.002 | Logistic EUROscore |
| Alushi et al. [15] | Reversible PH vs Residual PH | p= 0.003 | HR 4.41, p < 0.001 | 1 year: HR 2.84, p = 0.02, 5.9 years HR= 2.60, p= 0.002 | 1 year: HR= 3.69, P < 0.001, 5.9 years: HR= 2.80, p < 0.01 | Logistic EUROscore |
| Keymel et al. [27] | AS with PH and AS without PH | NA | 24.4 vs 3.8 p= 0.002 | NA | NA | STS Score |
| Sultan et al. [12] | Pcp-PH, Ipc-PH vs No PH, Cpc-PH vs no PH | NA | NA | NA | Cpc-PH vs no PH [HR] 1.56, 95% CI p =0.025 | STS Score |
| Mujeeb et al. [28] | PH vs No PH | NA | 4.40% (in hospital) P< 0.001 | NA | NA | NA |
| Tang et al. [30] | PH vs no PH | OR 1.53, p < 0.05 | OR-1.52 p< 0.05 | OR 1.56 (1 year), p< 0.05 | OR 1.39 (1 year) OR 2.00 (2 year) | NA |
| Kokkinidis et al. [11] | Pooled RR 1.41, p< 0.05 | HR 0.95 Pooled RR 1.71 p< 0.05 | PASP > 60 subgroup, HR 1.8, p< 0.05 | PASP > 60 mm Hg Subgroup, HR 1.56, p<0.05 | NA |