Table 5.
Results of the analysis of Detroit Dental Health Project.
| Variable | NPMLE | Adaptive lasso |
|---|---|---|
| Child-level | ||
| GENDER | −0.037 (0.038) | 0 (−) |
| WEIGHT | −0.028 (0.038) | 0 (−) |
| BRUSHRATE | −0.111 (0.041) | −0.189 (0.084) |
| WIPE | 0.181 (0.040) | 0.342 (0.083) |
| WATER | 0.016 (0.040) | 0 (−) |
| WIC | 0.036 (0.040) | 0 (−) |
| HEADSTART | −0.117 (0.037) | −0.268 (0.105) |
| Family-level | ||
| OHSE | −0.080 (0.039) | −0.093 (0.052) |
| KBU | −0.079 (0.043) | −0.040 (0.041) |
| KCOH | 0.040 (0.044) | 0 (−) |
| OHF | 0.036 (0.040) | 0 (−) |
| KITCHEN | 0.013 (0.037) | 0 (−) |
| CESD | −0.005 (0.040) | 0 (−) |
| PARENTSTRESS | −0.054 (0.042) | 0 (−) |
| SUPPORT | 0.032 (0.043) | 0 (−) |
| EDU | −0.069 (0.041) | −0.082 (0.081) |
| EMPLOYMENT | −0.033 (0.039) | 0 (−) |
| RELIGIOUSNESS | −0.051 (0.042) | 0 (−) |
| Community-level | ||
| DENTIST | 0.056 (0.050) | 0 (−) |
| GROCER | 0.021 (0.050) | 0 (−) |
| CHURCH | −0.043 (0.045) | 0 (−) |
Note: Standard errors are given in the parentheses. NPMLE: the coefficient estimate from the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation; Adaptive lasso: the coefficient estimate from the proposed shrinkage method.