Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the participants.
| Characteristics | Non-MCI | MCI | AD | Statistics | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 136) | (n = 188) | (n = 42) | |||
| Age (years) | 60.43 ± 7.61 | 62.45 ± 7.15 | 64.69 ± 9.17 | 11.839 | 0.003 |
| Sex | 2.379 | 0.307 | |||
| Women | 55 (40.4%) | 88 (46.8%) | 15 (35.7%) | ||
| Men | 81 (59.6) | 100 (53.2%) | 27 (64.3%) | ||
| Education | 36.935 | <0.001 | |||
| ≤6 years | 8 (5.9%) | 28 (14.9%) | 14 (33.3%) | ||
| 6–9 years | 30 (22.1%) | 65 (34.6%) | 16 (38.1%) | ||
| 9–12 years | 53 (39.0%) | 59 (31.4%) | 9 (21.4%) | ||
| >12 years | 45 (33.1%) | 36 (19.1%) | 3 (7.1%) | ||
| Marital status | 5.045 | 0.220 | |||
| Married | 134 (98.5%) | 179 (95.2%) | 39 (92.9%) | ||
| Divorced | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Widowed | 2 (1.5%) | 7 (3.7%) | 3 (7.1%) | ||
| Living status | 1.308 | 0.517 | |||
| Living with family members | 129 (94.9%) | 177 (94.1%) | 38 (90.5%) | ||
| Living alone | 7 (5.1%) | 11 (5.9%) | 4 (9.5%) | ||
| Exercise | 8.228 | 0.084 | |||
| Never | 8 (5.9%) | 15 (8.0%) | 8 (19.0%) | ||
| <3 times/week | 53 (39.0%) | 66 (35.1%) | 11 (26.2%) | ||
| >3 times/week | 75 (55.1%) | 107 (56.9%) | 23 (54.8%) | ||
| Smoking | 4.156 | 0.656 | |||
| None | 107 (78.9%) | 132 (70.2%) | 30 (71.4%) | ||
| <10 cigarettes/day | 4 (2.9%) | 9 (4.8%) | 2 (8.2%) | ||
| 10–20 cigarettes/day | 19 (14.0%) | 35 (18.6%) | 6 (14.3%) | ||
| >20 cigarettes/day | 6 (4.4%) | 12 (6.4%) | 4 (9.5%) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | 7.288 | 0.100 | |||
| None | 121 (89.0%) | 155 (82.4%) | 39 (92.4%) | ||
| Less | 13 (9.6%) | 26 (13.8%) | 1 (2.4%) | ||
| More | 2 (1.5%) | 7 (3.7%) | 2 (4.8%) | ||
| Hypertension | 59 (43.4%) | 70 (37.2%) | 18 (42.9%) | 1.384 | 0.513 |
| Diabetes | 11 (8.1%) | 23 (12.2%) | 7 (16.7%) | 2.788 | 0.257 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 36 (26.5%) | 51 (27.1%) | 13 (31.0%) | 0.332 | 0.852 |
| Coronary arterial diseases | 19 (14.0%) | 27 (14.4%) | 6 (14.3%) | 0.010 | 1.000 |
| Subjective sleep disorder | 66 (48.5%) | 94 (50.0%) | 19 (45.2%) | 0.324 | 0.840 |
| Family history of AD/dementia | 20 (14.7%) | 21 (11.2%) | 3 (7.1%) | 2.001 | 0.401 |
| Self-reported memory decline | 120 (88.2%) | 175 (93.1%) | 39 (92.9%) | 2.341 | 0.334 |
| Worried about memory decline | 38 (27.9%) | 66 (35.1%) | 18 (42.9%) | 3.760 | 0.151 |
| MMSE | 29.02 ± 1.04 | 27.37 ± 1.66 | 19.60 ± 4.37 | 177.268 | < 0.001 |
| MoCA | 27.10 ± 1.31 | 21.9 ± 2.60 | 15.1 ± 4.49 | 279.808 | < 0.001 |