Table 2.

Associations of Maternal Race/Ethnicity and Primary Language with Mother's Milk Provision and with Receipt of Hospital Support Practices (English-Speaking Non-Hispanic White as Reference, n = 348)

	NHB		Hispanic
	English n = 143	Non-English n = 27	English n = 90	Non-English n = 44
Mother's milk provision at specific time points	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Day 7 any mother's milk	0.61 (0.36–1.04)	1.27 (0.35–4.62)	0.87 (0.45–1.66)	1.10 (0.43–2.83)
Day 7 exclusive mother's milk	0.64 (0.40–1.00)	0.53 (0.20–1.40)	0.89 (0.43–1.83)	0.54 (0.32–1.01)
Day 28 any mother's milk	0.51 (0.30–0.88)	1.58 (0.33–7.59)	0.59 (0.31–1.13)	0.42 (0.18–0.92)
Day 28 exclusive mother's milk	0.37 (0.23–0.60)	0.41 (0.14–1.20)	0.52 (0.24–1.12)	0.35 (0.20–0.62)
Discharge/transfer any mother's milka	0.28 (0.17–0.44)	0.55 (0.19–0.98)	0.63 (0.24–1.00)	0.29 (0.21–0.87)
Discharge/transfer exclusive mother's milka	0.30 (0.18–0.48)	0.34 (0.14–0.84)	0.59 (0.30–1.16)	0.47 (0.22–0.73)
Hospital support practices
Prenatal consultation with education on human milk benefits	0.91 (0.42–1.98)	0.54 (0.14–2.07)	4.43 (0.92–21.3)	6.24 (0.74–52.59)
First milk expression within 6 hours	0.66 (0.44–1.03)	0.23 (0.08–0.64)	0.54 (0.32–1.00)	0.90 (0.42–1.94)
First lactation visit within 24 hours	0.71 (0.38–1.30)	1.03 (0.32–3.30)	0.87 (0.36–2.11)	0.69 (0.25–1.95)
Any skin-to-skin with the mother on day 7, 14, 21, or 28	0.81 (0.52–1.22)	1.39 (0.56–2.43)	0.97 (0.58–1.63)	0.66 (0.32–0.89)

Models adjusted for gestational age, birthweight, and clustering by plurality and hospital. Infants that were NPO at each time point were excluded in the respective models (day 7, 4.3%; day 28, 2.6%; discharge/transfer, 2.3%).

^a Additional adjustment for length of stay. Bold indicates p < 0.5.

aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.