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. 1999 Sep;65(9):3774–3779. doi: 10.1128/aem.65.9.3774-3779.1999

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1

Ectoine biosynthetic pathway. See reference 19. The genes for the three enzymes involved in ectoine synthesis, DA acetyltransferase, l-DA transaminase, and ectoine synthase, are designated ectA, ectB, and ectC, respectively (3). CoA, coenzyme A.