Table 2.

Sociodemographic associations with lifetime cyberbullying victimization and perpetration in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

	Cyberbullying victimization		Cyberbullying perpetration
Sociodemographic characteristics	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
Sex
Female	reference		reference
Male	0.80 (0.68 – 0.94)	0.006	1.71 (1.01 – 2.92)	0.048
Race/ethnicity
White	reference		reference
Latino / Hispanic	0.84 (0.63 – 1.12)	0.234	1.02 (0.38 – 2.72)	0.966
Black	0.91 (0.71 – 1.17)	0.459	1.60 (0.78 – 3.31)	0.203
Asian	0.65 (0.39 – 1.07)	0.088	1.54 (0.36 – 6.52)	0.560
Native American	1.49 (0.96 – 2.32)	0.078	4.39 (1.32 – 14.57)	0.016
Other	0.65 (0.25 – 1.71)	0.386	3.21 (0.57 – 17.97)	0.185
Sexual minority
No	reference		reference
Yes / maybe	2.83 (1.69 – 4.75)	<0.001	1.04 (0.14 – 7.72)	0.969
Donť understand the question	0.79 (0.65 – 0.97)	0.027	0.64 (0.29 – 1.39)	0.256
Country of birth (adolescent)
United States	reference		reference
Outside United States	0.81 (0.47 – 1.39)	0.443	0.36 (0.06 – 2.04)	0.250
Household income
$75,000 and greater	reference		reference
Less than $75,000	1.64 (1.34 – 2.00)	<0.001	1.90 (0.95 – 3.82)	0.070
Parents’ highest education
College education or more	reference		reference
High school education or less	1.11 (0.87 – 1.43)	0.407	1.14 (0.52 – 2.48)	0.744

Bold indicates P < .05. ABCD propensity weights were applied based on the American Community Survey from the US Census.

All models (victimization and perpetration) include sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, country of birth, household income, parent education, and site.