Table 2.
Predictors of 1-Month (Early) and 18-Month (Late) All-Cause Mortality Following Diagnosis of Invasive Scedosporium and Lomentospora prolificans Infections
| Characteristic | 1-mo (Early) | 18-mo (Late) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | |||||||||
| HR | (95% CI) | P Value | HR | (95% CI) | P Value | HR | (95% CI) | P Value | HR | (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Age | 0.98 | (.96–1.00) | .117 | … | … | 0.99 | (.97–1.01) | .339 | … | … | ||
| Male sex | 1.51 | (.69–3.32) | .306 | … | … | 1.50 | (.75–3.00) | .247 | … | … | ||
| Year of infectiona | 0.76 | (.31–1.86) | .546 | … | … | 0.86 | (.38–1.96) | .716 | … | … | ||
| Underlying condition/risk factors | ||||||||||||
| HM | 14.11 | (3.33–59.73) | <.001 | … | … | 8.02 | (3.09–20.81) | <.001 | … | … | ||
| HSCT | 0.56 | (.39–.81) | .002 | 2.17 | (1.01–4.66) | .046 | 2.85 | (1.47–5.53) | .002 | 2.03 | (1.01–4.10) | .047 |
| SOT | 0.31 | (.07–1.31) | .111 | … | … | 0.34 | (.11–1.12) | .077 | … | … | ||
| Prolonged neutropenia | 10.15 | (4.05–25.43) | <.001 | … | … | 8.39 | (3.99–17.63) | <.001 | … | … | ||
| Trauma | 0.05 | (.00–128.65) | .448 | … | … | 0.05 | (.00–29.07) | .348 | … | … | ||
| Surgery | 0.55 | (.17–1.81) | .321 | … | … | 0.37 | (.12–1.22) | .103 | … | … | ||
| Prolonged corticosteroid use | 1.11 | (.53–2.36) | .780 | … | … | 1.39 | (.67–2.88) | .383 | … | … | ||
| Cancer chemotherapy | 5.08 | (2.29–11.27) | <.001 | … | … | 4.57 | (2.31–9.06) | <.001 | … | … | ||
| Calcineurin inhibitors | 1.30 | (.62–2.76) | .490 | … | … | 1.02 | (.51–2.02) | .965 | … | … | ||
| Monoclonal antibodies | 1.16 | (.35–3.83) | .810 | … | … | 1.26 | (.44–3.55) | .668 | … | … | ||
| Protein kinase inhibitors | 1.91 | (.45–8.04) | .378 | … | … | 1.44 | (.35–6.00) | .616 | … | … | ||
| Site of infection/coinfection | ||||||||||||
| Disseminated infection | 8.38 | (3.36–20.90) | <.001 | 6.87 | (2.63–17.96) | <.001 | 6.52 | (3.14–13.56) | <.001 | 5.11 | (2.13–12.29) | <.001 |
| Blood | 18.27 | (7.22–46.19) | <.001 | … | … | 17.80 | (7.54–41.99) | <.001 | … | … | ||
| CNS | 2.68 | (1.24–5.80) | .012 | … | … | 2.44 | (1.20–5.00) | .014 | … | … | ||
| Lung | 8.26 | (2.49–27.42) | <.001 | … | … | 4.56 | (1.99–10.45) | <.001 | … | … | ||
| Other proven/probable IFD | 2.17 | (.83–5.69) | .116 | … | … | 2.05 | (.85–4.92) | .109 | … | … | ||
| Receipt of treatment | ||||||||||||
| Combination antifungal therapy | 1.44 | (.63–3.25) | .386 | … | … | 1.26 | (.63–2.51) | .518 | … | … | ||
| Adjunctive surgery | 0.11 | (.04–.31) | <.001 | 0.16 | (.05–.48) | .001 | 0.20 | (.09–.42) | <.001 | 0.28 | (.12–.67) | .004 |
| Causative fungal pathogen | ||||||||||||
| Lomentospora prolificans | 9.59 | (2.88–31.93) | <.001 | … | … | 5.15 | (2.30–11.53) | <.001 | 1.90 | (.70–5.15) | .208 | |
| Scedosporium spp | 0.10 | (.03–.35) | <.001 | … | … | 0.19 | (.09–.44) | <.001 | … | … | ||
Cox regression model: One variable from each category/domain (ie, underlying condition/risk factor, site of infection, receipt of treatment, causative fungal pathogen) in the univariable analysis was chosen based on either the narrower CI or clinical grounds. The number of variables included in each adjusted model was based on a minimum of 10 outcomes per explanatory variable to avoid overfitting.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CNS, central nervous system; HM, hematological malignancy; HR, hazard ratio; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant; IFD, invasive fungal disease; SOT, solid organ transplant.
Category of year of infection (ie, 2005–2010 vs 2011–2021).