Table 4.
Association between MDD, LLD or DS and neuropathological alterations (n = 620) in CDR = 0 cases.
| Small vessel disease |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
p | Multivariatea OR (95% CI) |
p | Multivariateb OR (95% CI) |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||||||
|
| ||||||||
| a-MDD × no MDD |
34 (82.9%) 471 (91.1%) |
7 (17.1%) 46 (8.9%) |
2.1 (0.9–5.0) | 0.09 | 2.7 (1.1–6.7) | 0.031 | 3.3 (1.3–8.6) | 0.012 |
| LLD × no MDD |
46 (76.7%) 471 (91.1%) |
14 (23.3%) 46 (8.9%) |
3.1 (1.5–6.1) | 0.001 | 2.7 (1.3–5.4) | 0.004 | 3.0 (1.5–6.1) | 0.002 |
| DS × no DS |
107 (82.3%) 443 (91.0%) |
23 (17.7%) 44 (9.0%) |
2.2 (1.2–3.7) | 0.006 | 2.2 (1.3–3.9) | 0.005 | 2.6 (1.5–4.7) | 0.001 |
|
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
|
||||||||
| No | Yes | |||||||
| a-MDD × no MDD |
40 (97.6%) 500 (96.9%) |
1 (2.4%) 16 (3.1%) |
0.8 (0.1–6.0) | 0.81 | 0.6 (0.1–5.1) | 0.68 | 0.6 (0.1–5.1) | 0.64 |
| LLD × no MDD |
56 (93.3%) 500 (96.9%) |
4 (6.7%) 16 (3.1%) |
2.2 (0.7–6.9) | 0.16 | 2.3 (0.7–7.4) | 0.16 | 2.6 (0.7–8.4) | 0.13 |
| DS × no DS |
122 (93.8%) 473 (97.3%) |
8 (6.2%) 13 (2.7%) |
2.4 (1.0–5.8) | 0.06 | 2.3 (1.0–5.9) | 0.06 | 2.7 (1.1–7.3) | 0.035 |
|
Infarcts
|
||||||||
| No | Yes | |||||||
| a-MDD × no MDD |
40 (97.6%) 490 (95.1%) |
1 (2.4%) 25 (4.9%) |
0.5 (0.1–3.7) | 0.49 | 0.8 (0.1–5.2) | 0.70 | 0.8 (0.1–6.6) | 0.88 |
| LLD × no MDD |
52 (86.7%) 490 (95.1%) |
8 (13.3%) 25 (4.9%) |
3.0 (1.3–7.0) | 0.011 | 2.5 (1.1–5.9) | 0.035 | 2.3 (0.9–5.7) | 0.08 |
| DS × no DS |
116 (90.6%) 465 (95.5%) |
12 (9.4%) 22 (4.5%) |
2.2 (1.1–4.5) | 0.036 | 2.1 (1.0–4.5) | 0.042 | 2.1 (1.0–4.6) | 0.06 |
|
Neuritic plaques (beta-amyloid): moderate-frequent
|
||||||||
| No | Yes | |||||||
| a-MDD × no MDD |
38 (92.7%) 433 (83.4%) |
3 (7.3%) 86 (16.6%) |
0.4 (0.1–1.3) | 0.13 | 0.6 (0.2–2.0) | 0.39 | 0.6 (0.2–2.3) | 0.47 |
| LLD × no MDD |
47 (78.3%) 433 (83.4%) |
13 (21.7%) 86 (16.6%) |
1.4 (0.7–2.6) | 0.32 | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 0.96 | 1.1 (0.5–2.2) | 0.89 |
| DS × no DS |
99 (76.2%) 419 (85.7%) |
31 (23.8%) 70 (14.3%) |
1.8 (1.2–3.0) | 0.010 | 1.9 (1.1–3.1) | 0.013 | 1.8 (1.1–3.2) | 0.027 |
|
Neurofibrillary pathology (tau) III-VI
|
||||||||
| No | Yes | |||||||
| a-MDD × no MDD |
33 (80.5%) 381 (74.6%) |
8 (19.5%) 130 (25.4%) |
0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.40 | 1.4 (0.5–3.4) | 0.52 | 0.7 (0.2–1.7) | 0.38 |
| LLD × no MDD |
35 (58.3%) 381 (74.6%) |
25 (41.7%) 130 (25.4%) |
2.1 (1.2–3.6) | 0.009 | 1.5 (0.8–2.6) | 0.22 | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) | 0.23 |
| DS × no DS |
81 (62.8%) 368 (76.3%) |
48 (37.2%) 114 (23.7%) |
1.9 (1.3–2.9) | 0.002 | 2.1 (1.3–3.3) | 0.002 | 1.9 (1.2–3.2) | 0.009 |
|
Lewy body disease
|
||||||||
| No | Yes | |||||||
| a-MDD × no MDD |
35 (87.5%) 453 (91.9%) |
5 (12.5%) 40 (8.1%) |
1.6 (0.6–4.4) | 0.34 | 2.6 (0.9–7.3) | 0.08 | 3.0 (1.0–8.8) | 0.046 |
| LLD × no MDD |
49 (83.1%) 453 (91.9%) |
10 (16.9%) 40 (8.1%) |
2.3 (1.1–4.9) | 0.029 | 1.9 (0.9–4.1) | 0.10 | 2.0 (0.9–4.3) | 0.09 |
| DS × no DS |
105 (83.3%) 431 (92.7%) |
21 (16.7%) 34 (7.3%) |
2.5 (1.4–4.6) | 0.002 | 2.6 (1.4–4.8) | 0.002 | 2.6 (1.4–4.9) | 0.002 |
Key: a-MDD, adult-onset major depressive disorder; 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval; DS, depressive symptoms 3 months prior to death; LLD, late life MDD; MDD, major depressive disorder.
a
Logistic regression models adjusted for age at death, sex, and ethnicity.
b
Logistic regression models adjusted for age at death, sex, ethnicity, alcohol misuse, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia.