Table 2.
Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs for metabolic components according to the type of coffee consumed (by gender).
| Variable | Non-coffee consumer (reference) | Black-coffee consumer | Instant-coffee consumer | Other coffee consumer | Coffee consumer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | |||||
| Elevated TG | |||||
| Model 1 | Ref | 0.878 (0.582, 1.324) | 0.782 (0.451, 1.355) | 0.988 (0.674, 1.447) | 0.903 (0.678, 1.203) |
| Model 2 | 1.139 (0.755, 1.717) | Ref | 0.891 (0.471, 1.686) | 1.125 (0.682, 1.857) | - |
| Reduced HDL-C | |||||
| Model 1 | Ref | 0.933 (0.706, 1.234) | 1.211 (0.854, 1.716) | 0.927 (0.709, 1.211) | 0.984 (0.809, 1.198) |
| Model 2 | 1.071 (0.811, 1.416) | Ref | 1.297 (0.861, 1.955) | 0.993 (0.704, 1.401) | - |
| Elevated BP | |||||
| Model 1 | Ref | 0.867 (0.651, 1.155) | 0.729 (0.510, 1.043) | 0.984 (0.744, 1.302) | 0.880 (0.717, 1.079) |
| Model 2 | 1.153 (0.865, 1.536) | Ref | 0.841 (0.553, 1.278) | 1.135 (0.796, 1.618) | - |
| Elevated FBG | |||||
| Model 1 | Ref | 3.523 (2.635, 4.709) | 3.268 (2.273, 4.699) | 3.827 (2.895, 5.059) | 3.590 (2.891, 4.457) |
| Model 2 | 0.284 (0.212, 0.379) | Ref | 0.928 (0.617, 1.396) | 1.086 (0.776, 1.521) | - |
| Women | |||||
| Elevated TG | |||||
| Model 1 | Ref | 1.317 (0.795, 2.179) | 0.736 (0.340, 1.591) | 0.874 (0.497, 1.535) | 1.009 (0.683, 1.490) |
| Model 2 | 0.760 (0.459, 1.257) | Ref | 0.559 (0.238, 1.310) | 0.664 (0.340, 1.297) | - |
| Reduced HDL-C | |||||
| Model 1 | Ref | 0.983 (0.676, 1.430) | 0.932 (0.579, 1.501) | 0.911 (0.628, 1.321) | 0.943 (0.721, 1.233) |
| Model 2 | 1.017 (0.699, 1.478) | Ref | 0.948 (0.543, 1.653) | 0.926 (0.579, 1.482) | - |
| Elevated BP | |||||
| Model 1 | Ref | 0.661 (0.454, 0.963) | 0.738 (0.456, 1.194) | 0.984 (0.668, 1.448) | 0.790 (0.600, 1.040) |
| Model 2 | 1.512 (1.038, 2.203) | Ref | 1.116 (0.640, 1.947) | 1.488 (0.924, 2.397) | - |
| Elevated FBG | |||||
| Model 1 | Ref | 2.987 (2.021, 4.413) | 3.192 (1.962, 5.195) | 4.177 (2.844, 6.134) | 3.464 (2.589, 4.634) |
| Model 2 | 0.335 (0.227, 0.495) | Ref | 1.069 (0.616, 1.854) | 1.398 (0.880, 2.221) | - |
CIs, confidence intervals; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; BP, blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; Model 1: Reference = non-coffee consumer. Adjusted for BMI, education level, alcohol status, Physical activity. Model 2: Reference = black-coffee consumer. Adjusted for BMI, education level, alcohol status, and physical activity.