Table 4. Bladder/urothelial cancer summary (N = 6).

Study name (year)	Study type/size	HALP threshold (method)	Outcome(s)	Summary
Prognostic significance of HALP (hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet) in patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy; Peng et al., (2018)	Retrospective N = 516	22.2 (X-Tile)	OS in urothelial cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy.	Patients with HALP <22.2 were associated with statistically significant decreased overall survival.
Prognostic significance of the combination of preoperative hemoglobin and albumin levels and lymphocyte and platelet counts (HALP) in patients with renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy; Peng et al., (2018)	Retrospective N = 1360	31.2 (X-Tile)	CSS in renal cell carcinoma patients undergoing nephrectomy.	HALP was an independent predictor of cancer-specific survival and had better prognostic predictive accuracy for cancer-specific survival when combined with the TNM system.
A HALP score-based prediction model for survival of patients with the upper tract urothelial carcinoma undergoing radical nephroureterectomy; Gao et al., (2022)	Retrospective N = 533	28.67 (Youden Index)	OS and PFS in non-metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma.	Pre-treatment HALP score can be an independent prognostic factor of overall survival and progression free survival in addition to differentiating pathologic T stages.
HALP Score as a New Prognostic Index in Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer; Ekinci et al., (2022)	Retrospective N = 123	0.277 (ROC)	OS in metastatic renal cell cancer patients.	HALP scores <0.277 had worse overall survival.
Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts the Efficacy of Pembrolizumab in Patients With Urothelial Carcinoma; Kurashina et al., (2022)	Retrospective N = 54	30.05 (ROC)	OS in urothelial carcinoma patients taking pembrolizumab.	HALP scores <30.05 were found to have worse overall survival. However, PLR was determined to be a more significant independent predictor of overall survival than HALP.
Integrative Analysis of Peripheral Blood Indices for the Renal Sinus Invasion Prediction of T1 Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Ensemble Study Using Machine Learning-Assisted Decision-Support Models; Li et al., (2022)	Retrospective N = 1229	No HALP threshold defined.	Determined a risk model for stratifying patients with renal cell carcinoma and predicting renal sinus invasion.	HALP score used as a variable in a novel machine-learning risk model to predict renal sinus invasion.