Table 3.
Specification of surgical procedure, postoperative clinical course and postoperative patient questionnaire
| Total n = 40 | 3D-LiMo n = 20 | Control n = 20 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification of surgical procedure | ||||
| Surgical procedure [n (%)] | 0.44 | |||
| Atypical resection | 12 (30) | 7 (35) | 5 (25) | |
| Anatomical resection | 7 (17.5) | 3 (15) | 4 (20) | |
| Bisegmentectomy | 5 (12.5) | – | 5 (25) | |
| Right hemihepatectomy | 5 (12.5) | 3 (15) | 2 (10) | |
| Left hemihepatectomy | 2 (5) | 2 (10) | – | |
| ALPPS | 6 (15) | 3 (15) | 3 (15) | |
| Exploratory laparotomy | 3 (7.5) | 2 (10) | 1 (5) | |
| Mean time of operation [mean (SD) in min] | 230.7 (115.8) | 249.8 (141.8) | 211.5 (81.7) | 0.30 |
| Mean intraoperative blood loss [mean (SD) in ml] | 711.0 (768.5) |
683.2 (821.4) |
737.5 (735.2) | 0.87 |
| Surgical approach [n (%)] | ||||
| Open | 33 (82.5) | 18 (90) | 15 (75) | |
| Laparoscopic | 3 (7.5) | – | 3 (15) | |
| Open conversion | 4 (10) | 2 (10) | 2 (10) | |
| Change of surgical concept [n (%)] | 11 (27.5) | 5 (25) | 6 (30) | n.s |
| Count of Pringle maneuver [n (%)] | 0.70 | |||
| 0 | 21 (52.5) | 12 (60) | 9 (45) | |
| 1–3 | 17 (42.5) | 8 (40) | 9 (45) | |
| > 3 | 2 (5) | – | 2 (10) | |
| Occurrence of intraoperative adverse events | – | – | – | |
| Postoperative clinical course | ||||
| Postoperative ultrasound [n (%)] | 21 (27.5) | 10 (50) | 11 (55) | n.s |
| Postoperative computed tomography (CT) [n (%)] | 20 (50) | 12 (55) | 9 (45) | n.s |
| Occurrence of postoperative ascites [n (%)] | 12 (30) | 7 (35) | 5 (25) | n.s |
| Postoperative blood transfusions [mean (SD) in units] | 1.75 (7.4) | 3.1 (10.3) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.25 |
| Postoperative complication [n (%)] | 19 (47.5) | 9 (45) | 10 (50) | 0.5 |
| Postoperative intervention [n (%)] | 9 (22.5) | 4 (20) | 5 (25) | 0.50 |
| PTCD* | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Upper endoscopy, ERCP* | 3 | 3 | - | |
| Interventional angiography | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| US- or CT-guided drainage* | 5 | 1 | 4 | |
| Portal vein embolization | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Occurrence of surgical revision [n (%)] | 6 (15) | 4 (20) | 2 (10) | 0.66 |
| Postoperative mortality [n (%)] | 2 (5) | 2 (10) | – | 0.24 |
| Length of intensive care unit stay [mean (SD) in days] | 2.7 (8.2) | 4.3 (11.4) | 1.1 (1.6) | 0.21 |
| Length of hospital stay [mean (SD) in days] | 17.6 (13.7) | 20.1 (16.1) | 15.0 (10.5) | 0.43 |
| Patient satisfaction | n = 38 | n = 18 | n = 20 | |
| Preoperative visitation by operating surgeon [n (%)]: | 25 (65.8) | 11 (61.1) | 14 (70) | 0.41 |
| Postoperative visitation by operating surgeon [n (%)]: | 31 (77.5) | 16 (80) | 15 (75) | 0.66 |
| Satisfaction with medical care at the ward? [n (%)] | ||||
| Very satisfied | 20 (52.6) | 9 (50) | 11 (55) | 0.76 |
| Satisfied | 15 (39.5) | 7 (38.9) | 8 (40) | |
| Undecided | 2 (5.3) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5) | |
| Dissatisfied | 1 (2.6) | 1 (5.6) | – | |
| Satisfaction with care by physicians at the ward? [n (%)] | ||||
| Very satisfied | 28 (73.7) | 13 (72.2) | 15 (75) | 0.56 |
| Satisfied | 8 (21.1) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (20) | |
| Undecided | 1 (2.6) | – | 1 (5) | |
| Dissatisfied | 1 (2.6) | 1 (5.6) | – | |
| Satisfaction with care by the nurses at your ward? [n (%)] | 0.22 | |||
| Very satisfied | 25 (68.4) | 11 (61.1) | 15 (75) | |
| Satisfied | 9 (23.7) | 4 (22.2) | 5 (25) | |
| Undecided | 3 (7.9) | 3 (16.7) | – | |
| Satisfaction with your hospital stay overall? [n (%)] | n.s. | |||
| Very satisfied | 20 (52.6) | 10 (55.6) | 10 (50) | 0.93 |
| Satisfied | 16 (42.1) | 7 (38.9) | 9 (45) | |
| Undecided | 2 (5.3) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5) | |
| Patients’ comprehension | n = 38 | n = 18 | n = 20 | |
| Patient correctly stated whether the surgery was carried out as planned? [n (%)] | 31 (83.3) | 16 (88.9) | 15 (78.9) | 0.66 |
| Patient correctly recalled the occurrence of postoperative complications? [n (%)] | 30 (81.1) | 17 (94.4) | 13 (68.4) | 0.052 |
*PTCD percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, US ultrasound, CT computed tomography