Table 3.
Activity of chamomile oils against reference microorganism strains expressed as MIC (mg/mL), MBC (mg/mL), and MFC (mg/mL)
| Microbial strains | Fr I | Fr I + Et | FrE I + Et | Fr II | Fr II + Et | FrE II + Et | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gram-positive bacteria | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC |
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 | 5 | 5 | 2.5 | 10 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 2.5 |
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 | 2.5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 5 | 1.25 | 5 |
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 | 5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 1.25 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 |
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA1707 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1.25 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 10 |
| Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 10 |
| Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 | 0.6 | 5 | 0.3 | 5 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 5 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 2.5 |
| Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 0.16 | 2.5 | 0.04 | 2.5 | 0.04 | 1.25 | 0.02 | 2.5 | 0.02 | 5 |
| Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 5 | 0.16 | 1.25 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 2.5 |
| Gram-negative bacteria | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC |
| Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 | 10 | 10 | > 10 | > 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
| Bordetella bronchiseptica ATCC 4617 | 10 | > 10 | > 10 | > 10 | 10 | > 10 | 10 | 10 | > 10 | > 10 | 10 | > 10 |
| Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | 10 | > 10 | 10 | > 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | > 10 | 10 | > 10 | 10 | > 10 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 | > 10 | > 10 | > 10 | > 10 | > 10 | > 10 | > 10 | > 10 | > 10 | > 10 | > 10 | > 10 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | 10 | > 10 | 10 | > 10 | 10 | > 10 | 10 | > 10 | 10 | > 10 | 10 | > 10 |
| Yeasts | MIC | MFC | MIC | MFC | MIC | MFC | MIC | MFC | MIC | MFC | MIC | MFC |
| Candida albicans ATCC 2091 | 5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 |
| Candida albicans ATCC 10231 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 |
| Candida auris CDC B11903 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 | 1.25 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 1.25 | 5 | 1.25 | 5 | 1.25 | 5 | 1.25 | 5 |
| Candida krusei ATCC 14243 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 |
| Candida lusitaniae ATCC 34449 | 2.5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2.5 | 10 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 5 |
| Candida tropicalis ATCC 1369 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
MIC minimum inhibitory concentration, MBC minimum bactericidal concentration, MFC minimum fungicidal concentration
MIC values for the reference antimicrobial substances were 1 μg/mL of fluconazole for Candida albicans ATCC 10231, 1 μg/mL of vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and 0.015 μg/mL of ciprofloxacin for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922