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. 2023 Feb 13;11:1073581. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1073581

Table 1.

Social and economic costs for OxNPIs.

OxNPI Economic Social Combined
C1: School closing 3.9 11 0.55
C2: Workplace closing 22.0 11 0.96
C3: Cancel public events 1.4 7 0.32
C4: Restrictions on gatherings 1.4 10 0.45
C5: Close public transport 0.3 2 0.09
C6: Stay at home requirements 5.2 12 0.62
C7: Restrictions on internal movement 7.8 10 0.59
C8: International travel controls 6.6 2 0.20
H1: Public information campaigns 0.0026 1 0.04
H2: Testing policy 0.6 1 0.05
H3: Contact tracing 0.1 1 0.04
H6: Facial coverings 0.03 5 0.21

Economic costs are shown as % of GDP loss in the period the NPI was implemented. The social costs are based on domain knowledge and expressed on a 1–12 scale. The combined column is the average of the two costs, when both are normalized to the [0, 1] range.