Table 4. Group effect, time effect, and group-time effect on the outcome variables.
| Variable | Group effect | Time effect | Group-time effecta | Partial h2 | Statistical power | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | p | F | p | F | p | |||
| PFT FEV1 (% predicted) FVC (% predicted) FEV1/FVC |
2.257 1.745 0.068 |
0.142 0.195 0.796 |
7.339 11.60 1.055 |
0.010 0.002 0.311 |
0.001 0.054 0.453 |
0.976 0.817 0.505 |
0.001 0.001 0.012 |
0.050 0.056 0.100 |
| mMRC scale | 0.143 | 0.708 | 17.05 | < 0.001 | 7.420 | 0.010 | 0.171 | 0.755 |
| Six-minute walk test 6MWD Dyspnea (mBORG) Leg fatigue (mBORG) |
2.257 0.281 0.055 |
0.142 0.599 0.816 |
31.152 4.039 4.431 |
< 0.001 0.052 0.042 |
0.083 6.163 4.431 |
0.775 0.018 0.042 |
0.002 0.146 0.110 |
0.059 0.676 0.535 |
| Muscle strength Right biceps Left biceps Right deltoid Left deltoid Right quadriceps Left quadriceps |
0.298 0.664 0.001 1.208 0.107 0.610 |
0.589 0.421 0.997 0.279 0.745 0.440 |
13.93 16.18 21.73 19.25 8.486 9.763 |
0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.006 0.004 |
1.544 2.394 0.340 1.025 1.558 0.610 |
0.221 0.131 0.564 0.318 0.220 0.440 |
0.041 0.062 0.009 0.028 0.041 0.017 |
0.228 0.325 0.088 0.167 0.229 0.118 |
| SGRQ Symptoms Activity Impact Total |
0.274 0.203 0.347 0.150 |
0.604 0.655 0.559 0.701 |
4.406 14.99 27.16 32.05 |
0.043 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 |
0.004 0.036 0.255 0.038 |
0.949 0.851 0.616 0.847 |
0.001 0.001 0.007 0.001 |
0.050 0.054 0.078 0.054 |
| SF-36 Physical functioning Social functioning Role-physical Role-emotional General health Mental health Bodily pain Vitality |
0.170 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.386 0.584 0.137 0.816 |
0.683 0.966 0.998 0.998 0.538 0.450 0.713 0.372 |
5.980 32.34 18.37 13.36 1.761 5.016 25.69 7.805 |
0.019 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 0.193 0.031 < 0.001 0.008 |
0.841 7.045 1.042 0.327 0.046 0.003 3.169 0.968 |
0.365 0.012 0.314 0.571 0.832 0.960 0.083 0.332 |
0.023 0.164 0.028 0.009 0.001 0.001 0.081 0.026 |
0.145 0.733 0.168 0.086 0.055 0.050 0.410 0.160 |
| HADS Anxiety Depression |
1.549 0.792 |
0.221 0.379 |
0.283 0.001 |
0.598 0.998 |
2.546 0.065 |
0.119 0.800 |
0.066 0.002 |
0.342 0.057 |
PFT: pulmonary function testing; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council; 6MWD: six-minute walk distance; mBORG: modified Borg scale; SGRQ: Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; SF-36: Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey; and HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. aGroup-time effect is also known as comparison of ∆ values. Repeated-measures ANOVA.