Table 2.
Hospitalized influenza patient characteristics (A) during hospitalization and (B) at follow-up.
| Influenza | (A) During hospitalization (N = 2988) |
(B) at follow-up (N = 2209) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New-onset I-DM (N = 100, 3.3%) | No I-DM (N = 2888, 96.7%) | Post-influenza P-DM (N = 265, 12.0%) | No P-DM (N = 1944, 88.0%) | |
| Age, yo, median (IQR) | 62.5 (51, 72) | 27 (12, 41) | 50 (30, 63) | 26 (11, 39) |
| Female, n (%) | 48 (48.0%) | 1178 (40.8%) | 180 (67.9%) | 1203 (61.9%) |
| White, not hispanic | 9 (9.0%) | 149 (5.2%) | 19 (7.2%) | 100 (5.1%) |
| Black, not hispanic | 38 (38.0%) | 770 (26.7%) | 93 (35.1%) | 518 (26.6%) |
| Hispanic | 37 (37.0%) | 1488 (51.5%) | 128 (48.3%) | 966 (49.7%) |
| Other | 16 (16.0%) | 481 (16.7%) | 25 (9.4%) | 360 (18.5%) |
| BMI | 29.4 (24.1, 33.6)∗∗∗ | 25.6 (19.8, 30.9) | 29.6 (25.1, 34.7)∗∗∗ | 25.0 (19.2, 30.4) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| CHF | 17 (17.0%)∗∗∗ | 87 (3.0%) | 34 (12.8%)∗∗∗ | 40 (2.1%) |
| CKD | 8 (8.0%)∗∗ | 82 (2.8%) | 22 (8.3%)∗∗∗ | 62 (3.2%) |
| Hypertension | 31 (31.0%)∗∗∗ | 403 (14.0%) | 118 (44.5%)∗∗∗ | 263 (13.5%) |
| COPD/Asthma | 34 (34.0%) | 865 (30.0%) | 114 (43.0%)∗∗∗ | 630 (32.4%) |
| Steroid | 32 (32.0%)∗∗∗ | 190 (6.6%) | 42 (15.8%)∗∗∗ | 120 (6.2%) |
| ICU admission | 0 (0%) | 3 (0.1%) | 1 (0.4%) | 2 (0.1%) |
| In-hospital death, n (%) | 6 (6.0%)∗∗∗ | 15 (0.5%) | na | na |
| Lab at admission, median (IQR) | ||||
| CRP | 0.65 (0.525, 7.37)∗∗∗ | 1.55 (0.575, 5.7) | ||
| Ferritin | 506 (113, 1043)∗∗∗ | 140 (41, 630) | ||
| LDH | 178 (174, 183)∗∗∗ | 322 (239, 403) | ||
| BNP | 196 (68.2, 525) | 95 (60, 368) | ||
| Cr | 0.81 (0.7, 1.1)∗ | 0.78 (0.6, 1) | ||
| D-dimer | 0.535 (0.485, 0.575)∗∗∗ | 0.78 (0.665, 0.885) | ||
| TNT | 0.01 (0.01, 0.01) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.01) | ||
| ALT | 17 (13, 28)∗∗ | 20 (13, 28) | ||
| LYMPH | 0.9 (0.6, 1.5) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.5) | ||
| PT | 13.8 (13.2, 14.6) | 13.9 (13.4, 14.5) | ||
| SBP | 132 (115, 146)∗∗∗ | 117 (108, 129) | ||
| SPO2 | 97.5 (96, 99)∗∗∗ | 98 (97, 100) | ||
| TEMP | 99 (98.3, 101) | 99.2 (98.4, 101) | ||
| WBC | 6.8 (4.8, 9.0) | 6.5 (5.0, 8.5) | ||
Positive influenza test (but no positive COVID-19 PCR tests) from Jan 1, 2018 to Feb 20, 2022. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 between new diabetes and no diabetes within each group. Laboratory test data were obtained at admission.