Table II.
Clinical characteristics of subjects
| Comorbidity | Selective IgA deficiency | Control | P | Univariable model (odds ratio [95% CI])∗ | Multivariable logistic regression model (odds ratio [95% CI])† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 772 | 3,860 | ||||
| Chronic diseases | ||||||
| Asthma, n (%) | 72 (9.3%) | 322 (8.3%) | .359 | 1.13 (0.85-1.48) | 1.05 (0.79-1.38) | |
| Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 3 (0.4%) | 9 (0.2%) | .434 | 1.67 (0.29-6.71) | 0.87 (0.21-3.65) | |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 6 (0.8%) | 17 (0.4%) | .256 | 1.77 (0.57-4.73) | 1.34 (0.48-3.69) | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 11 (1.4%) | 35 (0.9%) | .229 | 1.58 (0.72-3.20) | 0.98 (0.45-2.15) | |
| Connective tissue disease, n (%) | 20 (2.6%) | 34 (0.9%) | <.001 | 2.99 (1.62-5.38) | 2.26 (1.23-4.12) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 32 (4.1%) | 112 (2.9%) | .087 | 1.46 (0.95-2.20) | 1.45 (0.92-2.27) | |
| Hypothyroidism, n (%) | 39 (5.1%) | 70 (1.8%) | <.001 | 2.88 (1.88-4.36) | 2.67 (1.75-4.08) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 42 (5.4%) | 206 (5.3%) | .930 | 1.02 (0.71-1.44) | 0.61 (0.38-0.99) | |
| Inflammatory bowel disease, n (%) | 21 (2.7%) | 12 (0.3%) | <.001 | 8.96 (4.19-20.1) | 8.79 (4.25-18.2) | |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 12 (1.6%) | 29 (0.8%) | .036 | 2.09 (0.96-4.24) | 2.02 (0.91-4.47) | |
| Hematologic malignancies, n (%) | 14 (1.8%) | 13 (0.3%) | .001 | 5.46 (2.37-12.7) | 4.76 (2.07-10.9) | |
| Solid tumors, n (%) | 15 (1.9%) | 38 (1.0%) | .039 | 1.99 (1.01-3.73) | 1.45 (0.74-2.86) | |
| COVID-19 infected, n (%) | 374 (48%) | 1643 (43%) | .020 | 1.26 (1.08-1.48) | 1.27 (1.08-1.48) | |
| COVID-19 episodes, n (%) | ||||||
| 1 | 312 (40%) | 1472 (38%) | .240 | 1.09 (0.93-1.29) | 1.10 (0.94-1.30) | |
| 2 | 61 (7.9%) | 168 (4.4%) | <.001 | 1.90 (1.38-2.59) | 1.85 (1.36-2.53) | |
| 3 | 1 (0.1%) | 3 (0.1%) | .518 | 1.67 (0.03-20.8) | 1.10 (0.10-12.2) | |
| COVID-19 hospitalization, n (%) | 5 (0.65%) | 18 (0.47%) | .571 | 1.39 (0.40-3.90) | 1.61 (0.59-4.40) | |
| COVID-19 mortality, n (%) | 1 (0.13%) | 1 (0.026%) | .306 | 5.00 (0.06-392) | 7.52 (0.43-132) | |
| Reported long COVID-19, n (%) | 2 (0.3%) | 5 (0.1%) | .330 | 2.00 (0.19-12.3) | 2.11 (0.40-11.1) | |
| Other acute infectious diseases | ||||||
| Upper respiratory tract infections, n (%) | 198 (26%) | 756 (20%) | <.001 | 1.83 (1.48-2.28) | 1.80 (1.46-2.23) | |
| Acute sinusitis, n (%) | 47 (6.1%) | 139 (3.6%) | <.001 | 2.18 (1.66-2.85) | 1.93 (1.47-2.53) | |
| Acute otitis media, n (%) | 41 (5.3%) | 117 (3.0%) | .014 | 1.42 (1.06-1.87) | 1.45 (1.10-1.92) | |
| Influenza, n (%) | 7 (0.9%) | 22 (0.6%) | <.001 | 1.65 (1.27-2.13) | 1.53 (1.18-1.99) | |
| Acute bronchitis, n (%) | 24 (3.1%) | 81 (2.1%) | <.001 | 1.55 (1.30-1.83) | 1.50 (1.26-1.78) | |
| Bacterial pneumonia, n (%) | 24 (3.1%) | 54 (1.4%) | <.001 | 1.77 (1.24-2.50) | 1.77 (1.26-2.49) | |
| Laryngitis or tracheitis, n (%) | 29 (3.8%) | 74 (1.9%) | <.001 | 1.59 (1.25-2.03) | 1.52 (1.19-1.93) | |
| Gastroenteritis, n (%) | 44 (5.7%) | 198 (5.1%) | <.001 | 1.69 (1.44-1.98) | 1.70 (1.45-1.99) | |
∗
Univariable Fisher test contingency comparison.
†
Multiple conditional logistic regression model adjusted for comorbidities (asthma, chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, connective tissue disease, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemic heart disease, hematologic malignancies, and solid tumors).