. 2023 Feb 28. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.02.022

Table 2.

Risk for stillbirth by demographics and maternal characteristics

Characteristic	Crude		COVID-19 infection		COVID-19 infection
	Crude		0–20 gestational wk, adjusted		21–27 gestational wk, adjusted
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Age group
15–19	1.21	(0.92–1.60)	1.07	(0.79–1.44)	1.15	(0.85–1.55)
20–24	1.19^a	(1.04–1.36)^a	1.03	(0.88–1.21)	1.02	(0.86–1.21)
25–29	1.06	(0.95–1.19)	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
30–34	0.82	(0.73–0.92)	0.87	(0.76–1.00)	0.87	(0.75–1.00)
35–39	0.95	(0.84–1.08)	0.96	(0.83–1.12)	0.92	(0.79–1.09)
40–44	1.10	(0.89–1.36)	1.04	(0.82–1.32)	0.99	(0.77–1.27)
45–49	1.84^a	(1.04–3.25)^a	1.88^a	(1.05–3.37)^a	1.87^a	(1.02–3.42)^a
Race and ethnicity
White	0.70^a	(0.63–0.77)^a	ref.	ref.	ref.	ref.
Black	1.97^a	(1.77–2.20)^a	1.98^a	(1.74–2.25)^a	1.99^a	(1.74–2.27)^a
Hispanic/Latino	0.89	(0.78–1.01)	1.14	(0.98–1.32)	1.14	(0.97–1.33)
Asian	0.59^a	(0.44–0.78)^a	0.76	(0.56–1.02)	0.73	(0.53–1.00)
NHOPI	2.60^a	(1.29–5.24)^a	2.18	(0.90–5.30)	2.80^a	(1.24–6.33)^a
Multiracial	1.27	(0.75–2.16)	1.44	(0.81–2.56)	1.17	(0.60–2.26)
Other/unknown	1.06	(0.88–1.27)	1.31^a	(1.07–1.60)^a	1.36^a	(1.11––1.68)^a
COVID-19 infection: 0–20 gestational wk	1.79^a	(1.28–2.52)^a	1.75^a	(1.25–2.46)^a	—	—
COVID-19 infection: 21–27 gestational wk	2.28^a	(1.67–3.25)^a	—	—	2.09^a	(1.49–2.93)^a
Obesity/overweight	1.20^a	(1.08–1.33)^a	1.07	(0.96–1.20)	1.07	(0.95–1.20)
Hypertension	1.31^a	(1.17–1.46)^a	1.16^a	(1.03–1.31)^a	1.18^a	(1.04–1.34)^a
Diabetes mellitus	1.04	(0.89–1.20)	0.95	(0.81–1.12)	1.00	(0.85–1.18)
COPD	1.70	(0.63–4.58)	1.15	(0.42–3.19)	0.87	(0.27–2.80)
ARDS/ARF	4.42^a	(2.98–6.55)^a	3.50^a	(2.15–5.71)^a	4.26^a	(2.69–6.73)^a
Congestive heart failure	2.33^a	(1.37–3.97)^a	1.55	(0.88–2.72)	1.33	(0.72–2.45)
Myocardial infarction	2.24	(0.92–5.42)	1.60	(0.64–3.97)	1.76	(0.71–4.37)
HIV/AIDS	1.32	(0.68–2.55)	1.02	(0.51–2.05)	1.22	(0.63–2.37)
Placental abruption	4.94^a	(3.93–6.21)^a	4.46^a	(3.50–5.67)^a	4.45^a	(3.46–5.72)^a

ARDS/ARF, acute respiratory distress syndrome or acute respiratory failure; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NHOPI, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; OR, odds ratio; ref., reference interval.

Lyu. Stillbirth and different maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection time. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023.

Significant difference compared with all levels or reference levels.