Table 2.
Mean active range of motion across movement directions
| Active shoulder ROM (0) | BCS (N = 21) Mean (95% CI) |
CON (N = 21) Mean (95% CI) |
Group difference Mean (95% CI) |
Effect size (partial η2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion | 158.5 (151.3; 165.7) | 171.2 (167.8; 174.6) | − 12.7 (− 20.4; − 5.0)** | 0.040 |
| Hor. flexion | 21.5 (19.5; 23.4) | 21.1 (19.3; 23.0) | 0.3 (− 2.3; 2.9) | 0.000 |
| Hor. extension | 97.5 (90.1; 104.8) | 113.9 (110.7; 117.1) | − 16.5 (− 24.2; − 8.7)* | 0.065 |
| Abduction | 144.2 (134.8; 153.6) | 154 (145.4; 162.6) | − 9.8 (− 22.1; 2.5)*** | 0.024 |
| Internal rotation | 43.2 (37.2; 49.3) | 45.3 (42.5; 48.1) | − 2.1 (− 8.5; 4.4) | 0.001 |
| External rotation | 72.4 (65.8; 79.1) | 90.5 (84.5; 96.5) | − 18.1 (− 27.8; − 9.4)* | 0.078 |
ROM range of motion, CI confidence interval, BCS breast cancer survivors, CON controls
0Joint angle
*P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.05 (post hoc analyses: differences in ROM between groups)